Endoscopic findings in patients presenting with oesophageal dysphagia.

BACKGROUND: Dysphagia is the difficulty in swallowing and is often described by the patients as a 'perception' that there is an impediment to the normal passage of the swallowed material. It is frequently observed that there is an association of dysphagia with serious underlying disorders and warrants early evaluation. The current study aimed to determine the frequency of common endoscopic findings in patients presenting with oesophageal dysphagia. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the department of Gastroenterology, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, from October 2012 to April 2013. Consecutive patients with dysphagia were included in the study and were subjected to endoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 139 patients presenting with dysphagia were studied, 81 (58.3%) were males and 58 (41.7%) were females. The mean age was 52.41 ± 16.42. Malignant oesophageal stricture was the most common finding noted in 38 (27.3%) patients with 28 (73.7%) males and 23 (60.5%) patients among them were above the age of 50 years. It was followed by normal upper Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in 29 (20.9%) patients and reflux esophagitis in 25 (18.0%) patients. Schatzki's ring was present in 14 (10.1%) patients; benign oesophageal strictures in 12 (8.6%) patients while achalasia was noted in 7 (5.0%) patients. 14(10.1%) patients had findings other than the ones mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Malignancies are a more common cause of dysphagia in our population and early diagnosis can result in proper treatment of many of these cases.

Management of ectopic varix with histoacryl.

Upper gastro-intestinal (GI) bleed is one of the most serious situations encountered in the emergency department. There is consensus regarding management of common causes of upper GI bleed but for rare causes no such consensus exists. We present a case of a 35 year old male who presented with 5-6 episodes of hematemesis associated with melena in 24 hours. On examination he was in hypotensive shock with no stigmata of chronic liver disease. Doppler studies showed portal vein thrombosis with cavernous transformation and varices in peripancreatic region and around duodenum. His upper GI endoscopy showed a large varix with ulceration in the duodenal bulb, indicating it as the source of bleeding. The varix was injected with 1cc of cyanoacrylate. The patient's final diagnosis was non-cirrhotic portal hypertension secondary to portal vein thrombosis. At immediate and long termfollow-up the patient had no complications. We conclude that cyanoacrylate injection effectively manages ectopic duodenal varices and can be used with a simple application technique.