Pseudoaneurysm of the Peroneal Artery After Ankle Arthrodesis Treated by Endovascular Coil Embolization: A Case Report.

CASE: Pseudoaneurysms of the peroneal artery around the ankle joint have rarely been reported. We present the case of a 64-year-old man with a pseudoaneurysm of the anterior perforating branch of the peroneal artery associated with a screw inserted from the anterolateral distal tibia during ankle arthrodesis. Endovascular treatment with selective catheterization and coil embolization was successfully performed. The ankle joint achieved bone union without delay, and the pseudoaneurysm did not recur at the 18-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: This is the first report describing a pseudoaneurysm of the peroneal artery after ankle arthrodesis. Successful outcomes can be achieved by endovascular treatment.

The pseudo-SAH sign: an imaging pitfall in postmortem computed tomography.

Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) of the brain has an important role in detection of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which has a high mortality rate. However, a phenomenon known as "pseudo-SAH," or high-attenuation areas along the cisterns mimicking SAH, may be seen on CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of brain PMCT for SAH and to identify the characteristics of pseudo-SAH. Findings on PMCT (sulcal effacement, asymmetry, maximum thickness of SAH signs, presence of acute/subacute intraventricular/intraparenchymal hemorrhage) and clinical history (left ventricular assist device [LVAD] implantation, anticoagulation therapy/coagulation disorder, global ischemia) were compared between subjects with true SAH and those with pseudo-SAH. Twenty eight of 128 enrolled subjects had positive signs of SAH on PMCT, 20 (71.4%) had SAH on autopsy, and 8 (28.6%) did not. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SAH signs seen on PMCT were 95.2, 94.6, 71.4, and 99.3%, respectively. Asymmetry of SAH signs and acute/subacute intraventricular and intraparenchymal hemorrhage were significantly more common in true SAH cases than in pseudo-SAH cases. The maximum thickness of SAH signs was significantly greater in true SAH cases. A history of LVAD implantation, anticoagulation therapy, and/or a coagulation disorder were more common in true SAH cases but not significantly so. A history of global ischemia was significantly more common in pseudo-SAH cases. If signs of SAH are observed on PMCT, it is important to look for other signs on PMCT and carefully review the clinical history to avoid a diagnostic error.