ABSTRACT
AIMS: The study was designed to test the clinical application of the grading of lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF) as a diagnostic test for dry eye. METHODS: At 12 centres in 11 countries, 272 eyes of 272 dry eye patients (75 men, 197 women) were examined. Their mean age was 52.7±16.2 years. The LIPCOF were graded according to the method of Höh et al. The tear film break-up time (BUT) was measured, and fluorescein staining and the Schirmer 1 test were performed. The subjective symptoms were evaluated by 16 questions. RESULTS: The LIPCOF score demonstrated significant positive correlations with age, dry eye disease severity and fluorescein staining (r>0.2, p<0.001), and negative correlations with BUT and results of the Schirmer 1 test (r<-0.2, p<0.001). The LIPCOF score exhibited a significant correlation with the overall subjective symptoms (r=0.250, p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of LIPCOF grading for discriminating between normal and dry eyes were best with the cut-off between LIPCOF degrees 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: The displayed medium sensitivity and specificity, and good positive predictive value of the LIPCOF test support the use of LIPCOF grading as a simple, quick and non-invasive dry eye screening tool.
Subject(s)
Conjunctiva/pathology , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Fluorescein , Diagnosis, Differential , Dry Eye Syndromes/metabolism , Female , Fluorescent Dyes , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index , Tears/chemistryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Dry eye is a medical problem of epidemic proportions, especially among the elderly in developed countries. The treatment of dry eye is still largely inadequate because there is no way of permanently restoring normal tear function and secretion at present. At present, virtually all therapeutic regimens include tear supplements; however, their main drawbacks are the need for frequent instillation, inadequate ocular surface protection and limited mode of action, focusing on rewetting only. OBJECTIVE: A new gellable lubricant eye drop (Systane lubricant eye drops, Alcon) has been designed using the novel concept of a pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl-guar component that prevents surface desiccation, reduces friction and acts as a mucomimetic. The purpose of this review is to consider this topical therapy and its properties. METHODS: Currently published data on Systane is reviewed, putting an accent on its novel multiple modality of action. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: By being pH sensitive, Systane adapts its viscosity to the ocular surface pH, which tends to be higher in dry eye. It becomes more viscous when the eye is drier, thus, providing better ocular surface protection. In addition, its characteristics reduce ocular surface friction, which is another factor that exacerbates dry eye symptoms. Data published so far show that it is also well tolerated by the patient, thus, significantly reducing dry eye symptoms and improving the patient's quality of life. By implementing this novel approach, Systane has contributed significantly to dry eye treatment.
