ABSTRACT
Although some studies in sheep have indicated leptospire colonization of the genital tract, further studies are needed to clarify the role of genital carriers in this species. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the colonization of pathogenic leptospires in the genital and urinary tract of slaughtered sheep. Fifty-seven adult, female woolless sheep destined for slaughter were used. Renal (n = 57), bladder (n = 57), ovary (n = 34), uterine tube (n = 44), and uterus (n = 33) samples were collected for molecular detection of Leptospira sp. DNA, and blood samples (n = 57) for serological testing. The molecular testing was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the serological testing was performed using microscopic serum agglutination test (MAT). Samples with amplifying DNA were subjected to genetic sequencing. In total, leptospiral DNA was found in the tissues of 44 (77.2%) sheep, whereas only nine animals were positive on both PCR and MAT; there was slight agreement between PCR and MAT techniques (k = 0.0268; p = 0.684). In 61 (54.9%) genital tract and in five (4.4%) urinary tract samples, the leptospiral DNA was detected, with significant difference (p < 0.001). The genes of one sample from the uterine tube and another from the bladder were sequenced and demonstrated 99% similarity to Leptospira interrogans. Anti-Leptospira antibodies were detected in 11 (19.3%) of the tested animals. The results reinforce the importance of the genital tract as an extra-renal site of colonization, suggesting the possibility of venereal transmission in sheep.
Subject(s)
Genitalia/microbiology , Leptospira interrogans/isolation & purification , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Sheep/microbiology , Urinary Tract/microbiology , Agglutination Tests , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Kidney/microbiology , Leptospira/immunology , Leptospira interrogans/genetics , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Sheep/genetics , Uterus/microbiologyABSTRACT
Este trabalho foi realizado em suínos abatidos no Município de Patos, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil,com o objetivo de determinar a frequência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp., comparando os achados sorológicos com exames histopatológicos de rim, fígado, ovário e útero. A soroaglutinação microscópica foi realizada em 126 animais. Os exames histopatológicos realizados em cortes de fígado, rim, ovário e útero, corados pela hematoxilina-eosina (HE), foram realizados em 20 animaisescolhidos aleatoriamente, sendo 10 do grupo com títulos ≥ 100 e 10 do grupo com títulos < 100. Paralelamente, foi realizada pesquisa direta de leptospiras pela técnica de Warthin-Starry em amostras de rim de todos os animais soropositivos e nos 10 animais soronegativos submetidos à HE. Dos 126 animais examinados, 18 (14,6%) foram soropositivos, com predominância de reações para o sorovar Autumnalis (11 animais; 8,73%). Quatro animais soropositivos e dois animais soronegativosapresentaram infiltrado inflamatório e necrose de graus variados em um dos rins e no fígado. Os ovários e úteros examinados não apresentaram lesões. A pesquisa direta de leptospiras pela técnica de Warthin-Starry não revelou animais positivos em nenhuma amostra testada. Em face da soropositividade encontrada (14,6%), sugere-se a importância da conscientização por parte dos produtores acerca da implantação de medidas de prevenção adequadas com o objetivo de impedir, ou pelo menos diminuir, a disseminação das leptospiras em suínos e, consequentemente, bloquear a possível transmissão do agente para os seres humanos...
Interrelation between frequency of anti-leptospira spp. Antibodies and findings of histopathological examinations (hematoxylin-eosin and warthin-starry) in pigs slaughtered in the semiarid of paraiba state, northeastern brazil. This work was conducted in slaughtered pigs in Patos County, Paraiba State, Brazil, with the aim to determine the frequency of anti-leptospira antibodies and to compare the serological findings with the histopathological findings of kidney, liver, ovary and uterus. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed on 126 animals. The histopathological examination performed in sections of livers, kidneys, ovaries and uteruses stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) was conducted in 20 randomly chosen animals (10 from group with serological titer ≥ 100 and 10 from group < 100). Parallel to this, a direct search for leptospires was carried out by Warthin-Starry technique in kidney samples from all seropositive animals and in the 10 seronegative animals submitted to HE. In the 126 animals examined, 18 (14.6%) were seropositive, with prevalence of reactions to Autumnalis serovar (11 animals; 8.73%). Four seropositive and two seronegative animals showed different degrees of inflammatory infiltrate and necrosis in liver or kidney. The ovaries and uterus no showed lesions. Direct analysis of leptospires by the Warthin-Starry technique did not reveal positive animals in any sample tested. The rate of seropositivity found (14.6%) suggests the importance of awareness by producers about the implementation of preventive measures aimed at preventing, or at least reducing the spread of leptospiras in pigs and thereby blocking the possible transmission of the agent to humans...
Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies/analysis , Leptospira/pathogenicity , Necrosis , Liver/pathology , Ovary/pathology , Kidney/pathology , Swine/classification , Uterus/pathologyABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a frequência de propriedades positivas (focos) e de animais soropositivos para a brucelose bovina no Estado da Paraíba. Foram utilizados dados da Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado, coletados de suas 23 microrregiões, durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2009. Durante esse período, foram examinadas 11.149 propriedades, e 55.691 soros de bovinos foram submetidos ao diagnóstico de brucelose. Para o diagnóstico sorológico, foi utilizado o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT). Uma propriedade foi considerada foco quando apresentou pelo menos um animal soropositivo. Das propriedades investigadas, 104 (0,93%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal soropositivo e, dos animais analisados, 199 (0,36%) foram soropositivos. Houve diferença significativa (p < 0,001) na proporção de fêmeas (0,47%) e machos (0,04%) soropositivos.
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of positive herds (foci) and seropositive animals for bovine brucellosis in the state of Paraíba, Northeast region of Brazil. Data from the Agency of Agricultural Protection in the state, collected from its 23 microregions, during the period from January 2008 to July 2009, were used. During this period, 11,149 herds were examined, and 55,691 cattle sera were submitted to the diagnosis of brucellosis. For serological diagnosis the rose bengal test was used. A herd was considered a focus when it presented at least one seropositive animal. Of the herds investigated, 104 (0.93%) had at least one seropositive animal, and of the animals examined, 199 (0.36%) were seropositive. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the proportion of seropositivity for females (0.47%) and males (0.04%).
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Brucella abortus/isolation & purification , Brucellosis, Bovine/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Serologic Tests/veterinary , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a frequência de propriedades positivas (focos) e de animais positivos para a tuberculose bovina no Estado da Paraíba. Foram utilizados dados da Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado, coletados de suas 23 microrregiões, durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2009. Durante esse período, foram examinadas 10.963 propriedades e 54.472 bovinos foram submetidos ao teste de tuberculinização. Para o diagnóstico foi utilizada, como prova de triagem, a tuberculinização cervical simples para gado de leite e a tuberculinização na prega caudal para gado de corte; como prova confirmatória foi utilizada a tuberculinização cervical comparativa. Uma propriedade foi considerada foco quando apresentou pelo menos um animal soropositivo. Das propriedades investigadas, 62 (0,57 por cento) apresentaram pelo menos um animal positivo e dos animais analisados, 136 (0,25 por cento) foram positivos. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,001) na proporção de fêmeas (0,32 por cento) e machos (0,04 por cento) positivos. A despeito da baixa frequência de focos de brucelose e de animais soropositivos, é necessária a condução de medidas que incluem a conscientização dos produtores, fiscalização nas barreiras sanitárias e levantamentos periódicos da situação epidemiológica desta doença, principalmente nas microrregiões com maior frequência da infecção, com o objetivo de evitar, ou pelo menos minimizar, a disseminação do agente.
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of positive herds (foci) and positive animals for bovine tuberculosis in the state of Paraíba, Northeast region of Brazil. Data from the Agency of Agricultural Protection in the state, collected from its 23 microregions, during the January 2008 to July 2009 period, were used. During this period, 10,963 herds were examined and 54,472 cattle were submitted to the tuberculin test. For diagnosis the cervical and caudal-fold tuberculin tests were used as screening tests in dairy and beef cattle, respectively; as confirmatory test, comparative cervical test was used. A herd was considered focus when presented at least one positive animal. Of the herds investigated, 62 (0.57 percent) had at least one positive animal, and of the animals examined, 136 (0.25 percent) were positive. There was significant difference (p<0.001) in the proportion of positivity for females (0.32 percent) and males (0.04 percent). Despite low frequency of foci of brucellosis and seropositive animals, it is necessary to conduct measures including awareness of producers, surveillance in sanitary barriers and periodic surveys of epidemiological situation of this disease especially in the regions with highest frequency of infection, aiming to avoid, or at least minimize, the spread of the agent.
Subject(s)
Animals , Tuberculin Test/veterinary , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Bovine/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Foram colhidas amostras de placenta, ampola do ducto deferente e glândulas vesiculares de 80 ovinos abatidos no matadouro público de Patos, Estado da Paraíba, região Nordeste do Brasil para isolamento de Leptospira spp., bem como amostras de sangue para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. O meio de Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) modificado com a adição de 10% de soro de coelho foi usado para o isolamento do agente e a técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica para a pesquisa sorológica. Os cultivos foram observados semanalmente por microscopia de campo escuro durante 16 semanas. Seis animais (7,5%) foram soropositivos na SAM, sendo o sorovar Autumnalis o mais frequente, com cinco soros reagentes, seguido pelo sorovar Icterohaemorragiae, com um soro reagente. Foi isolado micro-organismo morfologicamente similar a Leptospira spp. de uma amostra de ampola do ducto deferente e outra de placenta.
Placenta, ampulla of the deferent duct, and seminal vesicle samples were collected from 80 sheep slaughtered in the public slaughterhouse of Patos, Paraíba state, Northeastern region of Brazil, for isolation of Leptospira spp., and blood samples were taken from the same animals to check for the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies. Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) medium modified with the addition of 10% rabbit serum was used for the leptospira isolation, while the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to check for the presence of antibodies. The cultures were observed weekly by dark field microscopy for 16 weeks. Six animals (7.5%) were seropositive by MAT, the serovar Autumnalis being the most frequent, with 5 reactant sera, followed by the serovar Icterohaemorragiae, with 1 reactant serum. A microorganism morphologically similar to Leptospira spp. was isolated from 1 ampulla of the deferent duct sample and 1 placenta sample.