ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Curcumin, a major polyphenol of the spice turmeric, acts as a potent chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent in several cancer types, including colon cancer. Although various proteins have been shown to be affected by curcumin, how curcumin exerts its anticancer activity is not fully understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phosphoproteomic analyses were performed using SW480 and SW620 human colon cancer cells to identify curcumin-affected signaling pathways. RESULTS: Curcumin inhibited the growth of the two cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Thirty-nine curcumin-regulated phosphoproteins were identified, five of which are involved in cancer signaling pathways. Detailed analyses revealed that the mTORC1 and p53 signaling pathways are main targets of curcumin. CONCLUSION: Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer activities of curcumin and future molecular targets for its clinical application.
Subject(s)
Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism , Curcumin/pharmacology , Phosphoproteins/metabolism , Proteomics/methods , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , HumansABSTRACT
The dynamics of precursor cells in the olfactory epithelium of juvenile and adult guinea pigs were examined by immunohistochemical double staining using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) and the protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5). Expression of apoptotic cells in the olfactory epithelium with the use of the TdT-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was also observed. BrdU was given to healthy guinea pigs at the ages of 2 weeks and 6 months old. Tissue specimens were serially collected 1 h to 28 days after administration. BrdU-labeled cells were seen above the basal cell layer after 1 h and migrated to the middle layer of the olfactory epithelium, after 1 day in juveniles and 5 days in adults with expression of N-CAM. PGP9.5 was observed in BrdU-labeled cells after 5 days in juvenile guinea pigs and 7 days in adult. At 14 days after administration, BrdU-labeled cells in the epithelium appeared to decrease. However, a few of these cells were recognized above the basal cell layer after 28 days. The number and location of TUNEL-positive cells did not significantly differ between the juvenile and adult olfactory epithelium. Therefore, we conclude that the division speed from stem cells in juveniles is faster than that in adults, and apoptosis is unaffected by aging in the normal olfactory epithelium.
Subject(s)
Granulocyte Precursor Cells/cytology , Olfactory Mucosa/cytology , Age Factors , Animals , Antibodies/immunology , Antimetabolites/administration & dosage , Antimetabolites/pharmacokinetics , Apoptosis , Bromodeoxyuridine/administration & dosage , Bromodeoxyuridine/pharmacokinetics , Granulocyte Precursor Cells/immunology , Granulocyte Precursor Cells/metabolism , Guinea Pigs , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/administration & dosage , Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology , Olfactory Mucosa/immunology , Olfactory Mucosa/metabolism , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/administration & dosage , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
The linear sandwich tripalladium complexes [Pd3{Ar(CH=CH)4Ar}2[BArf]2 (Ar = Ph, p-t-Bu-C6H4, p-styryl-C6H4) undergo photoinduced isomerization involving face-inversion of the tetraene ligands. Irradiation of these complexes with visible light (>510 nm) resulted in rac (staggered sandwich) to meso (eclipsed sandwich) isomerization. The structures of rac and meso isomers are determined by X-ray crystallographic analyses.
