ABSTRACT
The concept of dementia-friendly cities and communities has achieved great dissemination in the international context since 2016. Although it is usually related with community networks and services, evidence and guidelines show the close relationship between the built environment design, health promotion, and the preservation of relationships with the local surroundings. Recent publications emphasize best practices in urban areas and care management. However, this is a very complex reality in each country depending on the sociosanitary services, the demographic, and geographic structure and many other different aspects including cultural ones. Moreover, design should also consider not only basic aspects such as habitability or universal accessibility, but also heritage, identity, and the feeling of normalized living. Knowledge about international experiences and innovative approaches is, as yet, an object of study as demographic ageing is still challenging all the welfare systems, especially in Europe. This study presents eight descriptive study cases in three different European countries-the United Kingdom, Belgium, and The Netherlands-to analyze the relationship between dementia-friendly initiatives and their intersection with design, urban planning and the provision of care. The results can provide strategic lines for development and innovation towards dementia-friendly societies and cities achieving SDG numbers 3 and 11 simultaneously.
Subject(s)
City Planning , Dementia , Humans , Cities , Europe , Community Networks , Dementia/epidemiology , Dementia/therapyABSTRACT
En el año 2050, los mayores de 65 años representarán el 66% de la población mundial. Para mejorar su calidad de vida en las ciudades, el confort térmico es uno de los factores más influyentes, tanto en los espacios interiores como exteriores. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía que identifique las diferencias en la temperatura de confort térmico entre los adultos mayores y el resto de grupos de edad, así como determinar los factores que influyen en ellas, enfocándose en los estudios publicados entre los años 2000-2018. Los resultados demuestran que, por razones fisiológicas, psicológicas y físicas, existen diferencias de entre 0,2 y 4°C. Sin embargo, los estudios publicados son heterogéneos en cuanto a metodologías y al tamaño muestral. Así mismo, pocos determinan el rango de temperatura de confort para personas mayores en determinado clima, evidenciando la oportunidad de líneas futuras de investigación
By 2050, people over 65 years old will represent 66% of the world's population. Thermal comfort both indoors and outdoors is one of the most influential factors to improve their quality of life in cities. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic review of the literature that identifies differences in thermal comfort temperature between older adults and other age groups, as well as to determine the factors that influence them. The review focused on studies published between 2000 and 2018. The results show that, for physiological, psychological, and physical reasons, there were differences between 0.2 and 4°C. However, the published studies were heterogeneous in terms of methodologies and sample size. Likewise, few determine the comfort temperature range for older people in a given climate, demonstrating the opportunity for future lines of research
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Sensation , TemperatureABSTRACT
By 2050, people over 65 years old will represent 66% of the world's population. Thermal comfort both indoors and outdoors is one of the most influential factors to improve their quality of life in cities. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic review of the literature that identifies differences in thermal comfort temperature between older adults and other age groups, as well as to determine the factors that influence them. The review focused on studies published between 2000 and 2018. The results show that, for physiological, psychological, and physical reasons, there were differences between 0.2 and 4°C. However, the published studies were heterogeneous in terms of methodologies and sample size. Likewise, few determine the comfort temperature range for older people in a given climate, demonstrating the opportunity for future lines of research.
Subject(s)
Sensation , Temperature , Aged , HumansABSTRACT
Urban green spaces are considered an appropriate way to reduce urban heat island effects and provide comfort to the nearby occupants. In addition to cooling the actual space, urban green spaces are also able to influence the surrounding area, and this phenomenon is called the urban green space cooling effect. The most important issues with regard to the cooling effects of urban green spaces are the intensity and density of the cooling, which can play a major role for urban designers and planners in dealing with urban heat island. This article reviews the latest studies that have examined the cooling effects of urban green spaces in recent years. Based on the method of evaluation of their samples, the studies are divided into three groups. The first category consists of research into a set of urban green spaces in one part of or in an entire city, mainly conducted through remote sensing and satellite maps. The second category investigates city parks or several urban parks with recognizable shapes and locations. In this section, information was mainly gathered by virtue of field observations. The third category relates to studies in which a part of urban space according to different scenarios of green space placement was modeled by simulation. The results of the present study illustrate that the highest cooling effect distance and cooling effect intensity are for large urban parks with an area of more than 10 ha; however, in addition to the area, the natural elements and qualities of the urban green spaces, as well as climate characteristics, highly inform the urban green space cooling effect.
