Subject(s)
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6/genetics , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/prevention & control , Genetic Testing/methods , Ondansetron/pharmacology , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control , Tropisetron/pharmacology , Antiemetics/pharmacology , Humans , Pharmacogenetics/methods , Polymorphism, Genetic , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Agonists/pharmacologyABSTRACT
In order to make clear the clinical features of congenital radio-ulnar synostosis, compensatory rotation around the wrist and functional results after rotation osteotomy, 40 cases of congenital radio-ulnar synostosis have been analysed. The mean pronation of the ankylosed forearm in those who complained of disabilities in daily life was 60.7 degrees and that in patients without complaints was 21.2 degrees. In almost all cases with total ankylosis, the forearm had compensatory movement around the wrist, the mean arc being from 76.3 degrees of pronation to 42.9 degrees of supination. 13 limbs in 11 patients treated by transverse rotational osteotomies through the fusion mass have followed up for over two years. The functional results after surgery were satisfactory in all patients. Rotational osteotomy of the forearm is a useful and reliable treatment for congenital radio-ulnar synostosis.
Subject(s)
Elbow Joint/abnormalities , Radius/abnormalities , Synostosis/surgery , Ulna/abnormalities , Wrist Joint/physiopathology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Elbow Joint/physiopathology , Elbow Joint/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Movement , Osteotomy/methods , Radiography , Radius/diagnostic imaging , Radius/surgery , Synostosis/diagnostic imaging , Synostosis/physiopathology , Ulna/diagnostic imaging , Ulna/surgeryABSTRACT
Chronic cats with double hemisections of the spinal cord, first at a lower thoracic level followed by a contralateral midthoracic cord at intervals of 0 to 126 days (T-T preparations) or first at an upper cervical followed by a midthoracic at intervals of 15 to 74 days (C-T preparations), eventually recovered quadrupedal standing 7 to 53 days after the second hemisection. For about 7 days following the first hemisection at a lower thoracic level, floor reaction force (FRF) of the hind limb of the hemisected side decreased to 25 to 30% of the normal value, then recovered to the control value. A group of cats whose second hemisection was done within 7 days after the first hemisection needed 24 to 53 (mean 43) days to recover quadrupedal standing, whereas cats whose second hemisection occurred after 10 to 126 days needed 7 to 22 (mean 15) days. During the recovery period many unusual reflexes were elicited which eventually disappeared as the cats resumed standing and walking. Lateral stability of the double-hemisected cats deteriorated significantly, whereas segmental reflexes were augmented. These results indicate the importance of descending impulses over the segmental motoneuron pools to control standing posture and locomotion. It was assumed that the descending impulses were conveyed by polysynaptic pathways which had minimal functions before the hemisections.
Subject(s)
Posture , Spinal Cord/physiology , Animals , Cats , Electromyography , Extremities/physiology , Motor Neurons/physiology , Reflex/physiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
An increase of extensor tonus of the forelimbs was observed in chronic cats with serial double hemisections of the spinal cord, first at a lower thoracic level followed by a contralateral hemisection at the midthoracic cord at intervals of 5-18 weeks. A similar increase in forelimb extensor tonus was observed in chronic cats with serial double hemisections, first at the high cervical cord followed by a contralateral hemisection of the mid-thoracic cord at intervals of 3-7 weeks. The results suggest that the augmentation of extensor tonus was brought about by release of bulbar centers from ascending inhibitory mechanisms from the lower spinal cord.
