Prognostic Value of Multiple Draining Lymph Node Basins in Melanoma: A Matched-Pair Analysis Based on the John Wayne Cancer Institute Experience.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of multiple draining basins is controversial in melanoma because analyses have not adequately controlled for standard prognostic variables. We hypothesized that an analysis based on prognostically matched pairs of patients with multiple versus single drainage basins would clarify any independent role of basin number. STUDY DESIGN: We identified patients in our 40-year prospective database, who underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative sentinel node biopsy and wide local excision for cutaneous melanoma. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared in patients with multiple versus single drainage basins after matching by age, sex, Breslow depth, primary site, and stage at diagnosis. RESULTS: We identified 274 patients with multibasin drainage and 1,413 patients with single draining lymph node basins. Matching yielded 259 pairs (226 trunk, 27 head/neck, 6 extremity). Among matched pairs, multibasin drainage did not affect rates of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.84), OS (p = 0.23), DSS (p = 0.53), overall recurrence (p = 0.65), locoregional recurrence (p = 0.58), or distant recurrence (p = 1.0). Multivariable analysis linked higher T stage, ulceration, older age, and lymph node positivity to decreased DSS (p < 0.01) and DFS (p < 0.001). Number of drainage basins was not significant on univariable or multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: This analysis, the first to match for standard prognostic factors, suggests that multiplebasin drainage as identified by lymphoscintigraphy has no independent biological or prognostic significance in primary cutaneous melanoma.

Race influences stage-specific survival in gastric cancer.

Gastric adenocarcinoma studies show improved survival for Asians but have not reported stage-specific overall survival (OS) or disease-specific survival (DSS) by race. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was queried for cases of gastric adenocarcinoma between 1998 and 2008. We evaluated OS and DSS by race and stage. Number of assessed lymph nodes was compared among surgical patients. Of 49,058 patients with complete staging data, 35,300 were white, 7709 were Asian, and 6049 were black. Asians had significantly better OS for all stages (P < 0.001) and significantly better DSS for Stages I (P < 0.0001) and II (P = 0.0006). As compared with blacks, whites had significantly better DSS for Stages I (P < 0.0001), II (P = 0.0055), III (P = 0.0165), and IV (P < 0.0001). Among the 28,133 (57%) surgical patients, average number of evaluated lymph nodes was highest for Asians (P < 0.0001). Among surgical patients with 15 or more nodes evaluated, DSS was worse in blacks with Stage I disease (P < 0.05). Blacks with gastric adenocarcinoma have a worse DSS, which disappears when surgical treatment includes adequate lymphadenectomy. Race-associated survival differences for gastric adenocarcinoma might simply reflect variations in surgical staging techniques and socioeconomic factors.

A new method of continuous venovenous rewarming.

PURPOSE: Hypothermia is a significant problem in medicine and is part of a deadly triad, including hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. Multiple methods of rewarming are used to treat moderate hypothermia. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of continuous venovenous rewarming (CVVR) using the FMS 2000 (Belmont Instrument Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts) in conjunction with external rewarming techniques versus external rewarming alone in the porcine model. METHODS: Ten subject animals, each weighing approximately 40 kg, were evenly divided and randomly assigned to either a control group using external rewarming techniques alone or the CVVR group utilizing the FMS 2000 in addition to the external rewarming techniques used in the control group. Hypothermia was induced in the swine model using cold water immersion to achieve a core temperature of 30 degrees C. Both esophageal and rectal temperature probes were used to monitor and record core body temperatures every 15 minutes during the experiment. Each study animal was then rewarmed until a core temperature of at least 37 degrees C was recorded in both the esophageal and rectal probes. The animals were observed clinically for 3 days after the study. RESULTS: The average time required to rewarm the control group was 253 minutes, compared with 113 minutes in the CVVR group. After 30 minutes of rewarming, the difference between the 2 groups with respect to core temperature was statistically significant (p = 0.002). A drop in core temperature after the initiation of rewarming, or after-drop, was noted in the control group animals, but not in the CVVR group. This difference was statistically significant after 15 minutes of rewarming (p = 0.015) CONCLUSIONS: Venovenous rewarming utilizing the FMS 2000 fluid management system is more effective than is standard therapy alone for rewarming in the moderately hypothermic porcine model. This finding may prove clinically useful in the treatment of patients suffering from moderate hypothermia.