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1.
Int J Cosmet Sci ; 33(3): 276-82, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21272039

ABSTRACT

Dandruff is a chronic scalp disorder characterized by scaling and itching. A successful anti-dandruff shampoo not only has to provide superior anti-dandruff relief to ensure patient compliance. It also needs to offer excellent cosmetic and hair conditioning benefits at the same time. In this study, the efficacy of a shampoo containing 0.5% piroctone olamine and 0.45% climbazole (shampoo 1) was compared with a widely available commercial shampoo containing 1% zinc pyrithione (shampoo 2). In vitro studies investigating the anti-mycotic efficacy of a combination of 0.5% piroctone olamine and 0.45% climbazole as well as 1% zinc pyrithione were performed. To study substantivity, pig skin punches were used as a model system and a test of wet combability was performed to characterize combing ease. In vivo home-in-use studies were carried out to determine the efficacy of both shampoos to improve scalp condition and reduce itching in subjects suffering from moderate to severe dandruff. Results demonstrated a comparable anti-fungal effectiveness for 0.5% piroctone olamine plus 0.45% climbazole and 1% zinc pyrithione, respectively. Shampoo 1 showed a significantly higher anti-mycotics substantivity compared to shampoo 2. After treatment with shampoo 1, the wet combing force was significantly reduced compared with shampoo 2, suggesting a better combability following the use of shampoo 1. In an in vivo split head design study, shampoo 1 was shown to be equally effective in reducing the amount of dandruff on the scalp compared with shampoo 2. The approval rate of volunteers regarding the question 'The use of this shampoo decreases the itching of my scalp?' after a 4-week treatment with shampoo 1 equaled 90%. Overall, the shampoo formulation with 0.5% piroctone olamine and 0.45% climbazole effectively reduces the amount of dandruff and, at the same time, provides hair conditioning advantages.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Dermatitis, Seborrheic/drug therapy , Ethanolamines/pharmacology , Hair Preparations/pharmacology , Imidazoles/pharmacology , Pyridones/pharmacology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Ethanolamines/therapeutic use , Female , Hair Preparations/therapeutic use , Humans , Imidazoles/therapeutic use , Malassezia/growth & development , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology , Organometallic Compounds/therapeutic use , Pruritus/drug therapy , Pyridines/pharmacology , Pyridines/therapeutic use , Pyridones/therapeutic use , Swine , Young Adult
2.
Dev Biol ; 223(2): 371-82, 2000 Jul 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10882522

ABSTRACT

We identified a novel gene family in vertebrates which is preferentially expressed in developing and adult striated muscle. Three genes of the Popeye (POP) family were detected in human and mouse and two in chicken. Chromosomal mapping indicates that Pop1 and Pop3 genes are clustered on mouse chromosome 10, whereas Pop2 maps to mouse chromosome 16. We found evidence that POP1 and POP3 in chicken may also be linked and multiple transcript isoforms are generated from this locus. The POP genes encode proteins with three potential transmembrane domains that are conserved in all family members. Individual POP genes exhibit specific expression patterns during development and postnatally. Chicken POP3 and mouse Pop1 are first preferentially expressed in atrium and later also in the subepicardial compact layer of the ventricles. Chicken POP1 and mouse Pop2 are expressed in the entire heart except the outflow tract. All three Pop genes are expressed in heart and skeletal muscle of the adult mouse and lower in lung. Pop1 and Pop2 expression is upregulated in uterus of pregnant mice. Like the mouse genes, human POP genes are predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The strong conservation of POP genes during evolution and their preferential expression in heart and skeletal muscle suggest that these novel proteins may have an important function in these tissues in vertebrates.


Subject(s)
Cell Adhesion Molecules , Heart/embryology , Multigene Family , Muscle Proteins/isolation & purification , Muscle, Skeletal/embryology , Alternative Splicing , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Avian Proteins , Chick Embryo , Embryonic Induction , Female , Gene Library , Heart Atria/embryology , Humans , Mice , Molecular Sequence Data , Muscle Proteins/genetics , Pericardium/embryology , Pregnancy , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Uterus
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