ABSTRACT
Many drug delivery systems have indicated improvement in delivery of various drug molecules and among these biodegradable and biocompatible polymers such as poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) have been shown to enhance intracellular uptake of drug candidates when formulated as nanoparticles. PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by means of a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique and evaluated in terms of size, encapsulation efficiency, surface charge, isoniazid release and in vitro transport. The nanoparticles have an average size of 237 nm and were previously shown to be distributed in several tissues after oral administration without triggering an immune response. This study focussed on the in vitro permeation of the PLGA nanoparticles across different membranes and showed that although Rhodamine 6G-labelled nanoparticles are efficiently delivered across the intestinal epithelium, its epithelial permeability changes when a drug such as isoniazid is encapsulated. Future studies should focus on ways to optimise PLGA nanoparticle delivery when a drug such as isoniazid is encapsulated for instance by coating with polymers such as polyethylene glycol.
Subject(s)
Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Lactic Acid/metabolism , Nanoparticles , Polyglycolic Acid/metabolism , Biological Transport , Caco-2 Cells , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism , Humans , Isoniazid/chemistry , Isoniazid/metabolism , Lactic Acid/chemistry , Membranes, Artificial , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Permeability , Polyglycolic Acid/chemistry , Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer , Rhodamines/chemistry , Rhodamines/metabolism , SolubilityABSTRACT
Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles with size range of 19 to 100 nm were successfully synthesized using wet chemical process (i.e., chemical precipitation and sol-gel processes). The samples were analysed by X-Ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, BET surface area and Thermogravimetric analyses. The results showed that variation of citric acid concentration directly influences the particle size and the BET specific surface area. The XRD analysis revealed that nanoparticles were phase pure and that all materials exhibited a tetragonal rutile structure of SnO2. Characterisation of the materials was carried out using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric and BET analyses.
