Subject(s)
Case Management , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Clostridioides difficile/isolation & purification , Clostridium Infections/diagnosis , Diarrhea/diagnosis , Research Report/standards , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Clostridium Infections/drug therapy , Clostridium Infections/microbiology , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Diarrhea/microbiology , Drug Utilization , Humans , Patient Isolation , Surveys and Questionnaires , United KingdomABSTRACT
Infrared observations of the dusty, massive Homunculus Nebula around the luminous blue variable η Carinae are crucial to characterize the mass-loss history and help constrain the mechanisms leading to the Great Eruption. We present the 2.4 - 670 µm spectral energy distribution, constructed from legacy ISO observations and new spectroscopy obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory. Using radiative transfer modeling, we find that the two best-fit dust models yield compositions which are consistent with CNO-processed material, with iron, pyroxene and other metal-rich silicates, corundum, and magnesium-iron sulfide in common. Spherical corundum grains are supported by the good match to a narrow 20.2 µm feature. Our preferred model contains nitrides AlN and Si3N4 in low abundances. Dust masses range from 0.25 to 0.44 M Ê but M tot ≥ 45 M Ê in both cases due to an expected high Fe gas-to-dust ratio. The bulk of dust is within a 5â³ × 7â³ central region. An additional compact feature is detected at 390 µm. We obtain L IR = 2.96 × 106 L Ê, a 25% decline from an average of mid-IR photometric levels observed in 1971-1977. This indicates a reduction in circumstellar extinction in conjunction with an increase in visual brightness, allowing 25-40% of optical and UV radiation to escape from the central source. We also present an analysis of 12CO and 13CO J = 5 - 4 through 9 - 8 lines, showing that the abundances are consistent with expectations for CNO-processed material. The [12C II] line is detected in absorption, which we suspect originates in foreground material at very low excitation temperatures.
ABSTRACT
This paper was prepared for the International Review of Psychiatry as part of an effort to improve understanding of the connection between employee health and performance and to begin to identify new strategies through which treating wellness as an investment in human capital can lead to greater organizational success. Computer database searches of peer-reviewed literature published between 1993 and 2005 and manual reviews of 20 journals were used to identify research on the link between employee health and performance. Data was extracted to summarize the overall findings on the magnitude of health problems addressed by health promotion and disease prevention programmes, and the impact of interventions on improving health risk, reducing health care cost, and improving worker performance. From this summary, major conclusions on early detection of disease, the impact of behaviour change programmes were drawn. This systematic review is supplemented with a case study description of a preliminary evaluation of a corporate wellness programme in a major international organization. The influence of developments in work/family issues, complementary and alternative medicine, and quality of care and health outcomes research are briefly discussed. Finally, a conceptual framework for studying the impact of health and productivity is described.
Subject(s)
Health Promotion , Quality of Life , Workplace , Behavior Therapy , Family Relations , Health Care Costs , Health Status , Humans , Risk Assessment , Task Performance and AnalysisABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to derive an initial local diagnostic reference level for velopharyngeal investigations carried out as standard radiological practice in the Medical Imaging Department, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead. This is a specialist video-fluoroscopic radiological technique used to evaluate velopharyngeal dysfunction, especially for paediatric patients. A retrospective analysis over a period of 7 months involving 50 examinations yielded dose-area product values ranging from 0.04 Gy cm(2) (minimum) to 0.37 Gy cm(2) (maximum) with a mean value of 0.11 Gy cm(2) and 3rd quartile value of 0.12 Gy cm(2). The maximum effective dose was estimated as 0.016 mGy. An initial local diagnostic reference level of 0.12 Gy cm(2) has been levied.
Subject(s)
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Fluoroscopy/methods , Fluoroscopy/standards , Humans , Radiation Dosage , Reference Standards , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Half a million women die in pregnancy and childbirth every year. Of these deaths; 150.000 occur in Africa. This report describes how Ghana in west Africa and Malawi in Central Africa are tackling this problem under the the umbrella of the Safe Motherhood Initiative
