Effect of Perceived Stress, BMI and Emotional Eating on Dental Caries in School-going Children: A Cross-sectional Study.

Aim: The following study aims to describe the relationship of dental caries with the body mass index, perceived stress, and emotional eating among 11 to 13-year-old schoolchildren. Methodology: A cross-sectional study on 400 school-going children was conducted in which two questionnaires consisting of Perceived Stress Scale and Emotional Eating were collected from the children. Dental caries was examined using the dft/DMFT Index. The body mass index was calculated using the value obtained from body weight and height (kg/m2) of each child. Results: Body mass index score was not found to be significantly different among subjects with and without caries in primary and permanent teeth. It was found that Perceived Stress Scale score was found to be significantly more among subjects without caries in permanent dentition as compared to those who had caries. EES score was found to be significantly high among caries-free subjects as compared to those who were having mean dmft score > 0. Conclusion: Dental caries is independent of the body mass index whereas Perceived Stress Scale and Emotional Eating score was found to be more in children without caries as compared to those whose mean dmft score > 0. Clinical significance: This study was conducted to evaluate if perceived stress, body mass index, and emotional eating have an effect on progression of dental caries. This study helps parents and pedodontists for better knowledge about a child's oral health and overall growth. How to cite this article: Goel A, Bhatia HP, Sood S, et al. Effect of Perceived Stress, BMI and Emotional Eating on Dental Caries in School-going Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S180-S185.

Sports-related Orofacial Injuries in Children: Awareness and Experience among Sports Coaches in Delhi Region of India.

Background: Sports activities are the most important entity of human life for the holistic well-being of an individual. At the same time, it exposes them to a high risk of orofacial injuries. Aim: The study assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of orofacial injuries in children among sports coaches. Materials and methods: The sample of this descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 365 sports coaches across various sports academies in the Delhi region. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted and descriptive analysis was performed. The comparative statistics were computed using the Chi-square test and Fischer exact test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among participating coaches, 74.5% of the coaches agreed on the risk of trauma during sports activities that they supervise. The most common type of injury reported by the coaches was 'cut lip, cheek, and tongue' (72.6%), followed by 'broken/avulsed tooth' (44.9%). The mechanism of injury was mainly due to falls (48.8%). Nearly 65.5% of coaches were not aware of the possibility of replantation of an avulsed tooth. Also, coaches exhibited poor knowledge about an ideal storage media for carrying an avulsed tooth to the dentist. The majority (71%) of coaches agreed that their academies had no tie-ups with nearby dental clinics/hospitals. Conclusion: The sports coaches exhibited inadequate knowledge about the primary management of orofacial injuries and were unaware of the possibility of re-implantation of an avulsed tooth. Clinical significance: This study also highlights the need for educating coaches about emergency management of orofacial injuries and postponement in immediate treatment or inappropriate treatment due to lack of knowledge may lead to the futile outcome of the treated injured teeth. How to cite this article: Tokas A, Sood S, Bhatia HP, et al. Sports-related Orofacial Injuries in Children: Awareness and Experience among Sports Coaches in Delhi Region of India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(4):450-454.

Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Glasses Digital Screens and Verbal Command as a Method to Distract Young Patients during Administration of Local Anesthesia.

Aim and objective: The study investigates the effect and compares three techniques-video-eyeglasses earphone system, Digital screens and verbal methods as distracting technique to assess dental pain reaction in children during administration of local anesthesia (LA). Materials and methods: Pain or its anticipation can cause fear and anxiety in a child which could complicate further dental treatment. This cross-sectional study consists of 97 children of age-group 4-8 years who required local anesthesia for their dental treatment were selected. Children were randomly allocated into three groups namely- Verbal method (group A), video eyeglass/earphone system (group B) and digital screens (group C). In group A, instructions were given to the patient by the dentist while administering local anesthesia. In group B, VR box was used to show age appropriate videos according to subjects' choice. In group C, digital screens were placed on dental chair for patient to watch while nerve block was administered. Pain was measured using face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scale behavioral anxiety/pain assessment scale. Results: FLACC score was found to be significantly different among three groups. The mean FLACC scale score for pain was less in video eyeglass/earphone (1.94) than digital screens (3.67) and highest in Verbal group (6.88). Conclusion: Video eyeglasses/earphone method proved to be most effective as a distraction method in children and helped in reducing children's disruptive behavior in the dental setting. Clinical significance: This study was conducted to find a better distraction technique among video eyeglasses/earphone system, digital screens and Verbal command that will make child less apprehensive during administration of local anesthesia. How to cite this article: Sharma Y, Bhatia HP, Soods S, et al. Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Glasses Digital Screens and Verbal Command as a method to Distract Young Patients during Administration of Local Anesthesia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(S-2):S143-S147.

Comparative Evaluation of Clinical Efficiency and Patient Acceptability toward the Use of Circumferential Matrix and Sectional Matrix for Restoration of Class II Cavities in Primary Molars: An In Vivo Study.

AIM: To compare two matrix systems (circumferential and sectional) based on clinical efficiency and patient acceptability for placement of visible light cure composite resin restorative material in a Class II cavity in primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty children with bilateral Class II cavities of age-group 5-9 years were selected. A split-mouth comparative experimental study was conducted at Manav Rachna Dental College, India. Cavities were restored using either circumferential or sectional matrix band system. The child upon completion of the treatment filled the subject preference questionnaire. Time assessment was done for matrix system placement. Contact points were evaluated using dental floss as open or closed. RESULTS: Time required to place sectional matrices was more (125.30 ± 29.40) than required for circumferential matrices (117.20 ± 38.94). The sectional matrices group has more ideal contacts (23) (76.7%) than the circumferential matrices group (16) (53.3%). About 70% of the children pointed discomfort toward the sectional matrices. Children in this study accepted circumferential matrices to be more comfortable than the sectional matrices group. CONCLUSION: The circumferential matrices group was more time efficient compared to the sectional matrices group. However, sectional matrices resulted in a greater number of restorations with ideal contacts. Based on the preference circumferential matrix band system has been found superior to sectional matrix band system. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study was conducted to find a better matrix system in case of pediatric patients. Circumferential matrices were found to be more superior with respect to preference and time efficiency and sectional matrices were preferred for ideal contacts. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Bhatia HP, Sood S, Sharma N, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Clinical Efficiency and Patient Acceptability toward the Use of Circumferential Matrix and Sectional Matrix for Restoration of Class II Cavities in Primary Molars: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(6):748-751.

Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness and Patient Acceptance of Hall Technique for Managing Carious Primary Molars: An In Vivo Study.

INTRODUCTION: Hall technique (HT) is a biological approach where decay is sealed under preformed metal crowns without any caries removal, tooth preparation or local anesthesia. Dental caries is one of the most common prevailing chronic condition that affect both adults and children. Since children are anxious and apprehensive to dental treatment, their uncooperative behavior might cause hindrance in the treatment, which often leads to manage them in general anesthesia. To better address the dental care needs in pediatric patients, dental surgeons require some alternatives for management of caries and restorative treatment in children. The Hall technique is one such conservative treatment approach developed by Dr Norna Hall in 1980s. AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical effectiveness and patient acceptance of Hall technique for managing carious primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 84 children in the age group 6-10 years with class I and class II carious lesions limited to dentin were selected for the study. Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) was measured preoperatively, postoperatively and after 6 months. Discomfort level was assessed by facial pain rating scale and by questionnaires filled on the day of placement of SS crown, 1 week after placement and 6 months after placement. RESULTS: The Hall technique was found to be successful, as there was no failure clinically as well as radiographically within 6 months of placement of SS crown. The increased OVD postoperatively returned to its normal values within 6 months, the mean change in the OVD was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The Hall technique proved to be clinically effective and acceptable by maximum number of children. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Bhatia HP, Khari PM, Sood S, et al. Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness and Patient Acceptance of Hall Technique for Managing Carious Primary Molars: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):548-552.

A Comparative Evaluation of Sorption, Solubility, and Compressive Strength of Three Different Glass Ionomer Cements in Artificial Saliva: An in vitro Study.

AIM: To evaluate and compare the sorption, solubility, and compressive strength of three different glass ionomer cements in artificial saliva - type IX glass ionomer cement, silver-reinforced glass ionomer cement, and zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer cement, so as to determine the material of choice for stress-bearing areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 cylindrical specimens (4 mm diameter and 6 mm height) were prepared for each material following the manufacturer's instructions. After subjecting the specimens to thermocycling, 45 specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 24 hours for compressive strength testing under a universal testing machine, and the other 45 were evaluated for sorption and solubility, by first weighing them by a precision weighing scale (W1), then immersing them in artificial saliva for 28 days and weighing them (W2), and finally dehydrating in an oven for 24 hours and weighing them (W3). RESULTS: Group III (zirconomer) shows the highest compressive strength followed by group II (Miracle Mix) and least compressive strength is seen in group I (glass ionomer cement type IX-Extra) with statistically significant differences between the groups. The sorption and solubility values in artificial saliva were highest for glass ionomer cement type IX - Extra-GC (group I) followed by zirconomer-Shofu (group III), and the least value was seen for Miracle Mix-GC (group II). CONCLUSION: Zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer cement is a promising dental material and can be used as a restoration in stress-bearing areas due to its high strength and low solubility and sorption rate. It may be a substitute for silver-reinforced glass ionomer cement due to the added advantage of esthetics. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides vital information to pediatric dental surgeons on relatively new restorative materials as physical and mechanical properties of the new material are compared with conventional materials to determine the best suited material in terms of durability, strength and dimensional stability. This study will boost confidence among dental surgeons in terms of handling characteristics, cost effectiveness and success rate. This study will help clinically and scientifically; pediatric dental surgeons to use this material in stress-bearing areas in pediatric patients. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Bhatia HP, Singh S, Sood S, Sharma N. A Comparative Evaluation of Sorption, Solubility, and Com-pressive Strength of Three Different Glass Ionomer Cements in Artificial Saliva: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(1):49-54.

Multifunctional Ribbond--a versatile tool.

Pediatric dentists come across a variety of cases in their day to day practice that requires quick intervention in order to enhance or restore children's smile and functions in the oral cavity. Ribbond is one such material, which has occupied an important place in the dentist's repertoire. Ribbond can be used as an alternative to conventional treatment in pediatric dentistry. This case report demonstrates usage of Ribbond as a space maintainer a fixed partial denture with an acrylic tooth pontic, an endodontic post and a splint material in children. Ribbond combines high-strength fibers with enhanced bondability and patented crosslink lock-stitch leno weave. Ribbond's strength, esthetics, and bondability make it useful for multiple applications in clinical pediatric dentistry.

A comparison of the career aspirations of degree and P2000 diploma graduates from UK nursing programmes.

AIM: This paper reports the findings from a study of career aspirations undertaken as part of a larger study on the graduate outcomes of two different preregistration nursing educational programmes in the UK. METHODS: A self-completion questionnaire was administered to 52 degree graduates and 28 diplomates from two Universities on completion of their course. FINDINGS: The findings suggest that while graduates appeared more definite over their long-term career goals, diplomates were more confident in their initial decision to enter the nursing profession. All respondents showed a marked tendency towards hospital-based clinical posts on graduation. Degree graduates displayed a greater interest in working overseas, nominating a far broader range of possible destinations and expressed interest in a wider range of further education courses, including Master's and PhD degrees. CONCLUSIONS: The career aspirations of degree graduates and diplomates revealed in this study highlight a number of issues with implications for workforce planning, recruitment and retainment. Further larger scale longitudinal research is warranted.