ABSTRACT
This study investigates the feasibility of microalgae cultivation with the effluent (permeate) of a decentralized anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating high strength domestic wastewater. Two experiments, consisting of three and two successive batch experiments with incubation times varying between 5 and 9 days, were conducted. Nutrient removal and growth of the microalgae species Acutodesmus obliquus were studied for the following culture media: (A) permeate, (B) permeate enriched with iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sulfur (S) and the chelating agent EDTA, (C) commercial fertilizer as control culture. Initial nutrient concentrations in the culture media ranged from 9.3 to 16.6 mg·L-1 total phosphorus (TP) and from 85.1 to 126.2 mg·L-1 total nitrogen (TN). TP reached an average removal of 97%, 98% and 99% in (A), (B) and (C) respectively. An average TN removal of 94% and 96% was achieved in (B) and (C). Starting from the third batch of the first experiment and the second batch of the second experiment, the culture with permeate (A) showed a decrease in TN removal. Further batch experiments showed the need to add iron to ensure an optimal TN removal from the permeate.
Subject(s)
Microalgae/metabolism , Nitrogen/metabolism , Phosphorus/metabolism , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Wastewater/chemistry , Water Pollutants/metabolism , BioreactorsABSTRACT
In addition to mucosal manifestation in the gastrointestinal tract metastatic Crohn's disease also involves cutaneous sites. We report on a 33 year-old female suffering from diarrhea, aphthous ulceration and recurrent granulomatous abscesses on different cutaneous sites also involving the head neck region. Besides a general infection constellation, histologic examination of affected skin and mucosa revealed ulceration with chronic-granulomatous inflammation with Langerhans giant cells. Taking together the intestinal and cutaneous lesions and their histologic appearance as well as the clinical features lead to metastatic Crohn's disease. The patient recovered under immunosuppressive drugs. Metastastic Crohn's disease is a rare and severe form of the well known autoimmune disease which needs interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapy.
Subject(s)
Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/diagnosis , Abscess/diagnosis , Abscess/pathology , Adult , Colonoscopy , Crohn Disease/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Granuloma, Giant Cell/diagnosis , Granuloma, Giant Cell/pathology , Humans , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/pathology , Skin Ulcer/diagnosis , Skin Ulcer/pathology , Stomatitis, Aphthous/diagnosis , Stomatitis, Aphthous/pathologyABSTRACT
Angiosarcoma of the temporal bone is an extremely rare malignant tumor, which originates from vascular endothelium. We describe a case of a 57-year-old woman, initially presenting with progressive hearing loss, otorrhea as well as facial palsy diagnosed as a mastoiditis elsewhere. After subtotal mastoidectomy histological examination revealed an angiosarcoma of the mastoid. Since the tumor was not completely removed lateral petrosectomy and postoperative radiotherapy were performed. Afterwards the patient developed local recurrence with intracerebral tumor extension. During palliative polychemotherapy the patient developed a pneumonia and deceased. In this manuscript the morphology, imaging characteristics and current treatment options of angiosarcomas of the lateral skull base are reviewed and discussed.
