Efforts for detection of aortic aneurysms and human resources training for the optimization of their treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To review admissions, interventions and in-hospital mortality associated to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA), and to analyze the impact of the introduction of a training program and imaging screening at our institution. METHODS: Retrospective study where hospitalizations, procedures and mortality secondary to AAA were recorded. The national databases (ND) from the Secretariat of Health were utilized from 2010 to 2020. In-hospital lethality was calculated and compared with the experience at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ). The statistical analysis was completed with the STATA version 17. RESULTS: According to the ND, 899 (91%) hospital admissions secondary to AAA occurred, while in the INCMNSZ 85 (9%). Most of them belonged to the male gender (68%); 811 (82%) patients underwent open surgical repair, and 173 (18%) to an endovascular exclusion (EVAR), the latter approach was significantly more frequently performed at our institution (p = 0.007). The 30-day hospital mortality was 22.5%; in the ND was 23.9 vs. a 16.4% in the INCMNSZ without significant difference (p = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: AAA remain unrecognized in our country. The introduction of University programs and imaging screening might impact in the early detection, and to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated to emergency procedures.

OBJETIVO: Revisar los ingresos, procedimientos y defunciones intrahospitalarias asociadas a aneurismas aórticos abdominales (AAA) y analizar el impacto de la introducción de programas de formación de recursos humanos y tamizaje ultrasonográfico. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, se analizaron las bases de datos nacionales obtenidas del portal datos abiertos de la Dirección General de Información en Salud (DGIS) del año 2010 al 2020. Se calculó la letalidad intrahospitalaria anual y comparamos la experiencia del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ). El análisis estadístico se realizó en el programa STATA versión 17. RESULTADOS: De acuerdo con la base nacional (BN), se registraron 899 (91%) ingresos, mientras que en el INCMNSZ 85 (9%). La mayoría pertenecía al sexo masculino (68%), un total de 811 (82%) pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía abierta, mientras que 173 (18%) a terapia endovascular (EVAR), siendo este abordaje más frecuente en nuestra institución (p = 0.007). La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 22.5%, en la BN fue del 23.9%, mientras que en el INCMNSZ fue del 16.4%, sin que encontráramos diferencia significativa (p = 0.1). CONCLUSIONES: Los AAA continúan siendo poco reconocidos en nuestro país. La introducción de programas universitarios de especialidad y el tamizaje podría impactar en la reducción de la morbimortalidad.

Guía de práctica clínica mexicana para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las dislipidemias y enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica.

ANTECEDENTES: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa mundial de mortalidad y México no es la excepción. Los datos epidemiológicos obtenidos en 1990 mostraron que los padecimientos cardiovasculares representaron el 19.8% de todas las causas de muerte en nuestro país; esta cifra se incrementó de manera significativa a un 25.5% para 2015. Diversas encuestas nacionales sugieren que más del 60% de la población adulta tiene al menos un factor de riesgo para padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares (obesidad o sobrepeso, hipertensión, tabaquismo, diabetes, dislipidemias). Por otro lado, datos de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud han relacionado el proceso de aterosclerosis como la primer causa de muerte prematura, reduciendo la expectativa de vida de manera sensible, lo que tiene una enorme repercusión social. OBJETIVO: Este documento constituye la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) elaborada por iniciativa de la Sociedad Mexicana de Cardiología en colaboración con la Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, A.C., Asociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México, A.C., Asociación Mexicana para la Prevención de la Aterosclerosis y sus Complicaciones, A.C., Comité Normativo Nacional de Medicina General, A.C., Colegio Nacional de Medicina Geriátrica, A.C., Colegio de Medicina Interna de México, A.C., Sociedad Mexicana de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular y Endovenosa, A.C., Instituto Mexicano de Investigaciones Nefrológicas, A.C. y la Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.; con el apoyo metodológico de la Agencia Iberoamericana de Desarrollo y Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud, con la finalidad de establecer recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible y consensuadas por un grupo interdisciplinario de expertos. El objetivo de este documento es el de brindar recomendaciones basadas en evidencia para ayudar a los tomadores de decisión en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las dislipidemias en nuestro país. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Este documento cumple con estándares internacionales de calidad, como los descritos por el Instituto de Medicina de EE.UU., el Instituto de Excelencia Clínica de Gran Bretaña, la Red Colegiada para el Desarrollo de Guías de Escocia y la Red Internacional de Guías de Práctica Clínica. Se integró un grupo multidisciplinario de expertos clínicos y metodólogos con experiencia en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y el desarrollo de guías de práctica clínica. Se consensuó un documento de alcances, se establecieron las preguntas clínicas relevantes, se identificó de manera exhaustiva la mejor evidencia disponible evaluada críticamente en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y se desarrollaron las recomendaciones clínicas. Se utilizó la metodología de Panel Delphi modificado para lograr un nivel de consenso adecuado en cada una de las recomendaciones contenidas en esta GPC. RESULTADOS: Se consensuaron 23 preguntas clínicas que dieron origen a sus respectivas recomendaciones clínicas. CONCLUSIONES: Esperamos que este documento contribuya a la mejor toma de decisiones clínicas y se convierta en un punto de referencia para los clínicos y pacientes en el manejo de las dislipidemias y esto contribuya a disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad derivada de los eventos cardiovasculares ateroscleróticos en nuestro país. BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and Mexico is no exception. The epidemiological data obtained in 1990 showed that cardiovascular diseases represented 19.8% of all causes of death in our country. This figure increased significantly to 25.5% for 2015. Some national surveys suggest that more than 60% of the adult population has at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease (obesity or overweight, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemias). On the other hand, data from the Pan American Health Organization have linked the process of atherosclerosis as the first cause of premature death, significantly reducing life expectancy, which has enormous social repercussions. OBJECTIVE: This document constitutes the Clinical Practice Guide (CPG) prepared at the initiative of the Mexican Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the Mexican Society of Nutrition and Endocrinology, AC, National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico, AC, Mexican Association for the Prevention of Atherosclerosis and its Complications, AC, National Normative Committee of General Medicine, AC, National College of Geriatric Medicine, AC, College of Internal Medicine of Mexico, AC, Mexican Society of Angiology and Vascular and Endovenous Surgery, AC, Mexican Institute of Research Nephrological, AC and the Mexican Academy of Neurology, A.C.; with the methodological support of the Ibero-American Agency for the Development and Evaluation of Health Technologies, in order to establish recommendations based on the best available evidence and agreed upon by an interdisciplinary group of experts. The objective of this document is to provide evidence-based recommendations to help decision makers in the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias in our country. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This document complies with international quality standards, such as those described by the Institute of Medicine of the USA, the Institute of Clinical Excellence of Great Britain, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network and the Guidelines International Network. A multidisciplinary group of clinical experts and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and the development of clinical practice guidelines was formed. A scope document was agreed upon, relevant clinical questions were established, the best available evidence critically evaluated in systematic literature reviews was exhaustively identified, and clinical recommendations were developed. The modified Delphi Panel methodology was used to achieve an adequate level of consensus in each of the recommendations contained in this CPG. RESULTS: 23 clinical questions were agreed upon which gave rise to their respective clinical recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that this document contributes to better clinical decision-making and becomes a point of reference for clinicians and patients in the management of dyslipidemias and this contributes to reducing the morbidity and mortality derived from atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in our country.

Guía de práctica clínica mexicana para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las dislipidemias y enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica / Mexican clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

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Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and Mexico is no exception. The epidemiological data obtained in 1990 showed that cardiovascular diseases represented 19.8% of all causes of death in our country. This figure increased significantly to 25.5% for 2015. Some national surveys suggest that more than 60% of the adult population has at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease (obesity or overweight, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemias). On the other hand, data from the Pan American Health Organization have linked the process of atherosclerosis as the first cause of premature death, significantly reducing life expectancy, which has enormous social repercussions. Objective: This document constitutes the Clinical Practice Guide (CPG) prepared at the initiative of the Mexican Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the Mexican Society of Nutrition and Endocrinology, AC, National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico, AC, Mexican Association for the Prevention of Atherosclerosis and its Complications, AC, National Normative Committee of General Medicine, AC, National College of Geriatric Medicine, AC, College of Internal Medicine of Mexico, AC, Mexican Society of Angiology and Vascular and Endovenous Surgery, AC, Mexican Institute of Research Nephrological, AC and the Mexican Academy of Neurology, A.C.; with the methodological support of the Ibero-American Agency for the Development and Evaluation of Health Technologies, in order to establish recommendations based on the best available evidence and agreed upon by an interdisciplinary group of experts. The objective of this document is to provide evidence-based recommendations to help decision makers in the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias in our country. Material and methods: This document complies with international quality standards, such as those described by the Institute of Medicine of the USA, the Institute of Clinical Excellence of Great Britain, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network and the Guidelines International Network. A multidisciplinary group of clinical experts and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and the development of clinical practice guidelines was formed. A scope document was agreed upon, relevant clinical questions were established, the best available evidence critically evaluated in systematic literature reviews was exhaustively identified, and clinical recommendations were developed. The modified Delphi Panel methodology was used to achieve an adequate level of consensus in each of the recommendations contained in this CPG. Results: 23 clinical questions were agreed upon which gave rise to their respective clinical recommendations. Conclusions: We consider that this document contributes to better clinical decision-making and becomes a point of reference for clinicians and patients in the management of dyslipidemias and this contributes to reducing the morbidity and mortality derived from atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in our country.

Acroangiodermatitis of the hand secondary to a dysfunctional arteriovenous fistula.

Acroangiodermatitis (AAD) is often seen in association with various vascular anomalies such as venous insufficiency, vascular syndromes, and conditions associated with thrombosis. This is the first case reported in the literature associated with arteriovenous fistula stenosis in a patient with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. This case is being described for its rarity and to familiarize the clinicians with this unusual complication, especially, to prevent them from thinking of this condition as an infectious complication. It is essential to recognize the uniqueness of the pathophysiology of this disease and to do a clear distinction with that of a venous ulcer. With this work we also aim to help health practitioners with proper management of the condition. As we've seen, surgical treatment in appropriately selected cases corrects the reflux of the venous system and successfully improves the appearance of the verrucous lesion. Our patient was successfully treated by correcting the arteriovenous fistula stenosis with near-complete subsidence of the verrucous lesion within days of the procedure. Acroangiodermatitis management must be conducted with a multidisciplinary approach (dermatology, vascular surgery, and internal medicine). It is essential the comprehensive management of these patients, to ensure prompt recovery and avoid chronic effects, as well as to guarantee the quality of life in the future.

[Presentation of gastric cancer as a soft tissue tumor]. / Presentación de cáncer gástrico como tumor de tejidos blandos.

Soft tissue metastasis of gastric cancer is extremely rare. We report an 82 year old male, who was being evaluated for benign prostate hyperplasia and incidentally a soft tissue mass in the right buttock was discovered. Differential diagnosis included neurofibroma vs. soft tissue sarcoma. Patient underwent surgical resection and pathologic analysis reported adenocarcinoma with ring cell differentiation. Postoperative work-up included a CT scan of abdomen and pelvis and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. An ulcer in the gastric antrum was discovered and biopsied. Pathology reported the same tumor as the soft tissue mass. PET scan demonstrated extensive metastatic disease. We reviewed the literature looking for other cases of soft tissue metastasis of gastric cancer.

Health-related quality of life and depression in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. It has been associated with decreased health-related quality of life (HRQL) and psychiatric symptoms. Our aim was to assess HRQL, depression, and illness understanding in patients with chronic hepatitis C without previous interferon therapy. METHODS: Consecutive patients attending a referral center were enrolled. HRQL was measured using SF-36 questionnaire, depression with Zung self-rating depression scale, and illness understanding with self-applied knowledge test. RESULTS: Of 157 patients enrolled, 112 were female (71%) and 45 male (29%). Ninety-seven patients (61.8%) had cirrhosis. HRQL was significantly decreased in chronic hepatitis C patients compared to historical normal controls in all eight domains of the SF-36 (p < 0.001). In hepatitis C cirrhotic patients, HRQL was significantly lower among Child-Pugh class B and C subjects in domains reflecting physical health (p <0.05). Ninety-two patients (58.6%) had depression that resulted in lower HRQL when compared to nondepressed patients (p <0.05). One hundred fourteen patients (72.6%) had poor illness understanding of hepatitis C. These subjects had significantly lower HRQL scores in six of eight SF-36 domains when compared to patients with better understanding of the disease (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic hepatitis C patients attending a tertiary-referral center had significant decrease in HRQL associated with depression (58.6%) and poor illness understanding (72.6%). Educational programs and their impact on HRQL need to be addressed in detail, particularly for the pre-treatment scenario.

Angiomiolipoma de hígado no asociado a esclerosis tuberosa / Liver angiomyolipoma non associated to tuberous sclerosis

El angiomiolipoma es un tumor benigno del hígado poco frecuente. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 32 años de edad, a quien se le realizó ultrasonido abdominal por sospecha de embarazo, detectándose masa hiperecoica en el lóbulo izquierdo del hígado, misma que se corroboró por tomografía. La biopsia percutánea reportó neoplasia maligna compatible con liposarcoma, por lo que se decidió realizar laparotomía exploradora, efectuando resección hepática, que evolucionó sin complicaciones. El informe anatomopatológico fue de angiomiolipoma de hígado. Este caso demuestra la dificultad para realizar el diangóstico preoperatorio de lesiones grasas en hígado, por lo que se revisó la literatura y se discutió el diagnóstico, así como el tratamiento de estas lesiones