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1.
Growth Horm IGF Res ; 51: 6-16, 2020 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31926372

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Human patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) commonly exhibit a short stature, but the pathogenesis of this growth retardation is not completely understood. Due to the suspected involvement of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF1) system, controversial therapeutic approaches have been developed, including both GH- administration, as well as GH-inhibition. In the present study, we examined relevant histomorphological and ultrastructural features of adenohypophyseal GH-producing somatotroph cells in a porcine DMD model. METHODS: The numbers and volumes of immunohistochemically labelled somatotroph cells were determined in consecutive semi-thin sections of plastic resin embedded adenohypophyseal tissue samples using unbiased state-of-the-art quantitative stereological analysis methods. RESULTS: DMD pigs displayed a significant growth retardation, accounting for a 55% reduction of body weight, accompanied by a significant 50% reduction of the number of somatotroph cells, as compared to controls. However, the mean volumes of somatotroph cells and the volume of GH-granules per cell were not altered. Western blot analyses of the adenohypophyseal protein samples showed no differences in the relative adenohypophyseal GH-abundance between DMD pigs and controls. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study do not provide evidence for involvement of somatotroph cells in the pathogenesis of growth retardation of DMD pigs. These results are in contrast with previous findings in other dystrophin-deficient animal models, such as the golden retriever model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where increased mean somatotroph cell volumes and elevated volumes of intracellular GH-granules were reported and associated with DMD-related growth retardation. Possible reasons for the differences of somatotroph morphology observed in different DMD models are discussed.


Subject(s)
Growth Disorders/pathology , Growth Hormone/metabolism , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology , Secretory Vesicles/pathology , Somatotrophs/pathology , Animals , Animals, Genetically Modified , Cell Count , Disease Models, Animal , Dystrophin/genetics , Growth Disorders/complications , Growth Disorders/metabolism , Microscopy, Electron , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/complications , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism , Organ Size , Pituitary Gland/pathology , Pituitary Gland/ultrastructure , Pituitary Gland, Anterior/pathology , Pituitary Gland, Anterior/ultrastructure , Secretory Vesicles/ultrastructure , Somatotrophs/ultrastructure , Swine
2.
Mol Psychiatry ; 18(11): 1218-24, 2013 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23089632

ABSTRACT

Several studies have identified genes associated with alcohol-use disorders (AUDs), but the variation in each of these genes explains only a small portion of the genetic vulnerability. The goal of the present study was to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in extended families from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism to identify novel genes affecting risk for alcohol dependence (AD). To maximize the power of the extended family design, we used a quantitative endophenotype, measured in all individuals: number of alcohol-dependence symptoms endorsed (symptom count (SC)). Secondary analyses were performed to determine if the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SC were also associated with the dichotomous phenotype, DSM-IV AD. This family-based GWAS identified SNPs in C15orf53 that are strongly associated with DSM-IV alcohol-dependence symptom counts (P=4.5 × 10(-8), inflation-corrected P=9.4 × 10(-7)). Results with DSM-IV AD in the regions of interest support our findings with SC, although the associations were less significant. Attempted replications of the most promising association results were conducted in two independent samples: nonoverlapping subjects from the Study of Addiction: Genes and Environment (SAGE) and the Australian Twin Family Study of AUDs (OZALC). Nominal association of C15orf53 with SC was observed in SAGE. The variant that showed strongest association with SC, rs12912251 and its highly correlated variants (D'=1, r(2) 0.95), have previously been associated with risk for bipolar disorder.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics , Genome-Wide Association Study , Open Reading Frames/genetics , Symptom Assessment , Alcoholism/diagnosis , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Endophenotypes , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Genotype , Humans , Male , Pedigree , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
3.
Rev. chil. urol ; 78(1): 21-24, 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-773998

ABSTRACT

La expectativa de vida ha ido aumentando en Chile y en el mundo, lo que ha causado un gran impacto a nivel del número de cirugías que se realiza en la población añosa. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la experiencia de nuestro centro en cirugías urológicas en pacientes mayores de 80 años y analizar que factores aumentan el riesgo de complicaciones postquirúrgicas.Materiales y método: Análisis retrospectivo de 138 cirugías urológicas realizadas en 120 pacientes mayores de 80 años, durante los años 2000 a 2012. Se obtuvo información sociodemográfica, riesgo quirúrgico (ASA), tipo y duración de cirugía realizada, complicaciones post-operatorias (escala de Clavien) y tiempo de hospitalización. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante el programa SPSS v17. Se realizó análisis multivariado y se estableció el riesgo relativo para el desarrollo de complicaciones. Se consideró signi ficativo p<0,05. Resultado: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 84+/-3.7 años, 86.2 por ciento fueron hombres. El 96.7 por ciento presentaba algún tipo de comorbilidad, con predominio de hipertensión arterial (60,84 por ciento) y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (24,16 por ciento). La mayoría de las intervenciones fue de complejidad intermedia (77.27 por ciento), donde la anestesia regional (56,8 por ciento) y la vía endo urológica (84,78 por ciento) fueron las más utilizadas, con un tiempo operatorio promedio de 62+/-52.4 minutos. El riesgo quirúrgico prevalente fue ASA2 (62.7 por ciento). El promedio de hospitalización fue de 2,8+/-2.7 días. El 15.21 por ciento de los pacientes presentó algún tipo de complicación, con predominio de clasifi cación tipo 1 de Clavien (38 por ciento). En el análisis multivariado se evidenció como factores de riesgo signi ficativos para complicaciones, edad mayor a 90 años (p=0.03), presencia de insu ciencia renal (p=0.01), portar 4 o más comorbilidades (p=0.04), cirugía mayor a 3 horas (p=0.03) y tener riesgo quirúrgico ASA3 (p=0.04)...


Life expectancy has been increasing in Chile and in the World. This has caused a great impact over the number of surgeries being performed in the elderly population. The aim of this paper is to describe the experience of our center in urological surgery in patients older than 80 years and analyze which factors increase the risk of postoperative complications.Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of 138 urological surgeries performed in 120 patients older than 80 years, during the years 2000-2012. Sociodemographic information, surgical risk (ASA), type and duration of surgery, postoperative complications (Clavien scale) and length of hospitalization was obtained. The data were analyzed using SPSS v17. Multivariate analysis was performed and the relative risk for developing complications was established. Signi cance was p <0.05. Average age of the patients was 84 +/- 3.7 years, 86.2percentwere men. The 96.7 percenct had some kind of comorbidity, with prevalence of hypertension (60.84 percent) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (24.16 percent). Most of the interventions was of intermediate complexity (77.27percent), where regional anesthesia (56.8 percent) and endourological aproach (84.78 percent) were the most used, with average operative time of 62 +/- 52.4 minutes. Most common Surgical risk was ASA2 (62.7 percent). Average hospital stay was 2.8 +/- 2.7 days. 15.21 percent of patients had some type of complication, with a predominance of type 1 Clavien classication (38 percent). The multivariate analysis showed signi cant risk factors for complications: age greater than 90 years (p = 0.03), renal failure (p = 0.01), carrying 4 or more comorbidities (p = 0.04), surgery Langer than 3 hours (p = 0.03) and ASA3 surgical risk (p =.04). No mortality was reported in our series. In this study, although most of our patients underwent endourological procedures, we evidence that surgery in patients older than 80 years is feasible...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Urologic Diseases/surgery , Urologic Diseases/epidemiology , Urologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Multivariate Analysis , Chile , Comorbidity , /epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Age Factors , Risk Factors , Hypertension/epidemiology , Urologic Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay
5.
Bioinformatics ; 26(17): 2204-7, 2010 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20639541

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: BigWig and BigBed files are compressed binary indexed files containing data at several resolutions that allow the high-performance display of next-generation sequencing experiment results in the UCSC Genome Browser. The visualization is implemented using a multi-layered software approach that takes advantage of specific capabilities of web-based protocols and Linux and UNIX operating systems files, R trees and various indexing and compression tricks. As a result, only the data needed to support the current browser view is transmitted rather than the entire file, enabling fast remote access to large distributed data sets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Binaries for the BigWig and BigBed creation and parsing utilities may be downloaded at http://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/admin/exe/linux.x86_64/. Source code for the creation and visualization software is freely available for non-commercial use at http://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/admin/jksrc.zip, implemented in C and supported on Linux. The UCSC Genome Browser is available at http://genome.ucsc.edu.


Subject(s)
Data Mining , Genomics/methods , Software , Computational Biology/methods , Data Compression , Internet
6.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 37(Database issue): D755-61, 2009 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18996895

ABSTRACT

The UCSC Genome Browser Database (GBD, http://genome.ucsc.edu) is a publicly available collection of genome assembly sequence data and integrated annotations for a large number of organisms, including extensive comparative-genomic resources. In the past year, 13 new genome assemblies have been added, including two important primate species, orangutan and marmoset, bringing the total to 46 assemblies for 24 different vertebrates and 39 assemblies for 22 different invertebrate animals. The GBD datasets may be viewed graphically with the UCSC Genome Browser, which uses a coordinate-based display system allowing users to juxtapose a wide variety of data. These data include all mRNAs from GenBank mapped to all organisms, RefSeq alignments, gene predictions, regulatory elements, gene expression data, repeats, SNPs and other variation data, as well as pairwise and multiple-genome alignments. A variety of other bioinformatics tools are also provided, including BLAT, the Table Browser, the Gene Sorter, the Proteome Browser, VisiGene and Genome Graphs.


Subject(s)
Databases, Nucleic Acid , Genomics , Animals , Chromosome Mapping , Computer Graphics , Gene Expression , Genetic Variation , Humans , RNA, Messenger/chemistry , Software , User-Computer Interface
7.
Mol Psychiatry ; 14(5): 501-10, 2009 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18414406

ABSTRACT

Alcohol dependence frequently co-occurs with cigarette smoking, another common addictive behavior. Evidence from genetic studies demonstrates that alcohol dependence and smoking cluster in families and have shared genetic vulnerability. Recently a candidate gene study in nicotine dependent cases and nondependent smoking controls reported strong associations between a missense mutation (rs16969968) in exon 5 of the CHRNA5 gene and a variant in the 3'-UTR of the CHRNA3 gene and nicotine dependence. In this study we performed a comprehensive association analysis of the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) families to investigate the role of genetic variants in risk for alcohol dependence. Using the family-based association test, we observed that a different group of polymorphisms, spanning CHRNA5-CHRNA3, demonstrate association with alcohol dependence defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn (DSM-IV) criteria. Using logistic regression we replicated this finding in an independent case-control series from the family study of cocaine dependence. These variants show low linkage disequilibrium with the SNPs previously reported to be associated with nicotine dependence and therefore represent an independent observation. Functional studies in human brain reveal that the variants associated with alcohol dependence are also associated with altered steady-state levels of CHRNA5 mRNA.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism/genetics , Brain/metabolism , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics , Alcoholism/pathology , Brain/pathology , Cluster Analysis , Cocaine-Related Disorders/genetics , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Family Health , Gene Frequency , Genome-Wide Association Study/methods , Genotype , Humans , Linkage Disequilibrium , Logistic Models , Risk
8.
Transfus Med ; 18(1): 40-8, 2008 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18279191

ABSTRACT

The demand for blood products steadily increases. Concurrently, blood donor recruitment becomes more and more difficult. This study aimed to investigate effects of blood donation on blood donors, which could be helpful for blood donor recruitment and retention. In addition to cortisol measurements in saliva, three questionnaires quantifying mood (good/bad), vigilance (awake/tired), agitation (calm/nervous), actual strain and asking for donation-related effects perceived were distributed to 110 whole blood donors (DON). Results obtained were compared with 109 control subjects (CON) lacking the blood donation experience. Overall, 216 subjects completed the questionnaires. Sixty-eight percent of DON reported at least one effect perceived with blood donation. Exclusively, positive, negative or mixed effects were described by 26.5%, 23.5% and 17.6%, respectively. Among positive effects (i.e. physical/psychological well-being, feeling satisfied, happy, proud), no significant differences were observed between males and females (P = 0.07), whereas mixed or negative effects (i.e. vertigo, dizziness, tiredness, pain) were significantly (P = 0.03; P = 0.049) more associated with females. DON showed higher levels of well-being than CON as indicated by better mood (P = 0.004), higher vigilance (P = 0.015) and relaxation (P = 0.003). The latter even increased after donation with maximum values after 15 and 30 min. Despite significantly higher initial strain scores (P = 0.008), first-time donors maintained a better mood (P = 0.025) than repeat donors. DON showed a statistically better psychological well-being than CON, although the donation experience was perceived as stressful, especially for first-time donors. The results may facilitate donor recruitment and retention as blood donation may become less frightening and perhaps even attractive.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Affect , Arousal , Blood Donors/psychology , Blood Donors/supply & distribution , Cortisone/metabolism , Dizziness/etiology , Dizziness/metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Pain/etiology , Pain/metabolism , Psychomotor Agitation , Saliva/metabolism , Vertigo/etiology , Vertigo/metabolism
9.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 36(Database issue): D773-9, 2008 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18086701

ABSTRACT

The University of California, Santa Cruz, Genome Browser Database (GBD) provides integrated sequence and annotation data for a large collection of vertebrate and model organism genomes. Seventeen new assemblies have been added to the database in the past year, for a total coverage of 19 vertebrate and 21 invertebrate species as of September 2007. For each assembly, the GBD contains a collection of annotation data aligned to the genomic sequence. Highlights of this year's additions include a 28-species human-based vertebrate conservation annotation, an enhanced UCSC Genes set, and more human variation, MGC, and ENCODE data. The database is optimized for fast interactive performance with a set of web-based tools that may be used to view, manipulate, filter and download the annotation data. New toolset features include the Genome Graphs tool for displaying genome-wide data sets, session saving and sharing, better custom track management, expanded Genome Browser configuration options and a Genome Browser wiki site. The downloadable GBD data, the companion Genome Browser toolset and links to documentation and related information can be found at: http://genome.ucsc.edu/.


Subject(s)
Databases, Nucleic Acid , Genomics , Animals , Computer Graphics , Genetic Variation , Humans , Internet , Invertebrates/genetics , Sequence Alignment , User-Computer Interface , Vertebrates/genetics
10.
Vasa ; 36(1): 5-16, 2007 Feb.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17323292

ABSTRACT

In vascular medicine only a few studies concerning gender differences in vascular diseases, course of the disease and therapy exist. Risk factors are allocated differently between men and women with different influences on cardiovascular diseases. Diabetic women do have a particular high risk. The proportion of women smokers with a risk for aggravation of the other risk factors is increased. In young female smokers the hypoplastic aortoiliac syndrome is a special course of peripheral arterial disease associated with a bad prognosis. The benefit of hormone replacement therapy in vascular diseases of postmenopausal women has not yet been demonstrated. On the other hand testosterone seems to have a favourable effect on vascular diameter and endothelium of coronaries. Women with peripheral arterial disease represent high risk patients with a particular risk for cardiovascular letality. Periprocedural complications of the analysed operations or interventions are found more frequent in women. Furthermore the disease is in an advanced stage when treated. Especially men with asymptomatic high grade carotid stenosis benefit more from an operation than women because of the higher risk for ischemic stroke. Unfortunately the benefit of the operation in women is neutralized by the higher rate of periprocedural complications. Some studies demonstrate the gender bias in treatment: women seldom receive revascularisation and guideline therapy as frequently as men. The same is true with thromboembolic prophylaxis concerning in hospital patients. In pharmacotherapy women have in result of metabolism more side effects. Additionally women are underrepresented in drug admission studies compared to their percentage of population and gender prevalence of diseases. Further studies concerning gender differences in vascular medicine are definitely needed.


Subject(s)
Arteriosclerosis/therapy , Arteriosclerosis/etiology , Arteriosclerosis/mortality , Female , Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome
11.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 35(Database issue): D668-73, 2007 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17142222

ABSTRACT

The University of California, Santa Cruz Genome Browser Database contains, as of September 2006, sequence and annotation data for the genomes of 13 vertebrate and 19 invertebrate species. The Genome Browser displays a wide variety of annotations at all scales from the single nucleotide level up to a full chromosome and includes assembly data, genes and gene predictions, mRNA and EST alignments, and comparative genomics, regulation, expression and variation data. The database is optimized for fast interactive performance with web tools that provide powerful visualization and querying capabilities for mining the data. In the past year, 22 new assemblies and several new sets of human variation annotation have been released. New features include VisiGene, a fully integrated in situ hybridization image browser; phyloGif, for drawing evolutionary tree diagrams; a redesigned Custom Track feature; an expanded SNP annotation track; and many new display options. The Genome Browser, other tools, downloadable data files and links to documentation and other information can be found at http://genome.ucsc.edu/.


Subject(s)
Databases, Genetic , Genomics , Animals , Base Sequence , Cattle , Computer Graphics , Conserved Sequence , Genome, Human , Humans , Internet , Linkage Disequilibrium , Mice , Open Reading Frames , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Rats , Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid , User-Computer Interface
12.
Rev. chil. urol ; 72(2): 167-170, 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-545954

ABSTRACT

La nefrectomía parcial es un tratamiento curativo ampliamente aceptado para tumores renales menores de 4 cm. La recurrencia local y sistémica pudieran constituir una limitante para su realización. Objetivo: Establecer factores pronósticos de recidiva tumoral en pacientes sometidos a nefrectomía parcial por carcinoma de células renales (CCR). Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo en el que se evaluó retrospectivamente a 22 pacientes, uno de ellos con tumor bilateral sincrónico, sometidos a nefrectomía parcial abierta por CCR entre los años 1994 y 2004. Se evaluó la relación entre la recidiva tumoral local o sistémica y los siguientes factores histopatológicos: tamaño tumoral, tipo histológico, grado de Fuhrman, invasión de los bordes quirúrgicos y distancia desde el tumor al borde quirúrgico. Se consideró un valor significativo de p<0,05. Resultados: El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 53,6 (+/- 11,41) años; 82,6 por ciento de ellos eran hombres. El diagnóstico del tumor fue un hallazgo radiológico en el 91,3 por ciento de los casos. El tamaño tumoral promedio fue de 3,28 cm y la mediana de 3 cm (1,1-5 cm); 91,3 por ciento de ellos < 4 cm. La histología fue informada como carcinoma de células claras en el 91,3 por ciento de los tumores (1 cromófobo y 1 oncocitoma). En un 87 por ciento (n=20) de los casos la biopsia fue informada con bordes quirúrgicos negativos, de las cuales un 35 por ciento (n=7) correspondían a una distancia < 1 mm. El tiempo promedio y la mediana de seguimiento fue de 26,3 y 27,1 meses de seguimiento, respectivamente (3-119 meses). En un paciente (8,7 por ciento) que tuvo un tumor bilateral (cromófobo Fuhrman 2 y células claras Fuhrman 3) se demostró recidiva a distancia en el seguimiento con TAC abdominal. No se encontró correlación entre la distancia del tumor y el borde quirúrgico con la recidiva tumoral. La presencia de bordes quirúrgicos positivos mostró una tendencia a una mayor recidiva (p= 0,07)...


Partial nephrectomy (PN) is an accepted curative treatment for renal tumors with size under 4cm. Local and systemic recurrence could be a limitation for its performance. Methods. To determine recurrenceprognostic factors in patients with renal carcinoma treated with radical nephrectomy. Results. Mean age for the series was 53,6 years (+/- 11,41); 82,6 percent of patients were males. Tumor diagnosis was performed by imaging in 91,3 percent of cases. Mean and median tumoral volume were 3,28 cm and 3 cm (1,1-5), respectively. 91,3 percent of tumor were smaller than 4 cm. Final pathology reported clear cell carcinoma in 91,3 of cases (1oncocitoma and 1 chromophobe). Negative surgical margins were reported in 87 percent of cases, with 35 percent of them with a distance between margin and tumor, inferior than 1 mm. Mean and median follow-up were 26,3 and 27,1 months, respectively. 1 patient presented recurrence during follow-up (Mixed cell: Chromophobeand clear cell). There was no co-relation between surgical margin distance and recurrence. Surgical margins were associated significantly with recurrence (p=0,07). Conclusions. PN constitutes an effective treatment for renal carcinoma in initial stages. Positives surgical margins can be associated with recurrence. Distance between tumor and surgical margin is not a factor predicting recurrence...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology , Nephrectomy/methods , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Kidney Neoplasms/mortality , Prognosis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Survival Rate
13.
Rev. chil. urol ; 72(1): 13-18, 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-474885

ABSTRACT

La vaporización fotoselectiva del adenoma prostático es una técnica poco invasiva, que consiste en la vaporización y remoción del tejido usando el láser verde KTP, con una potencia de 80W. El propósito de este trabajo es informar nuestra experiencia con el uso de esta técnica. Material y Métodos: Se realizó fotovaporización selectiva con láser KTP a 18 pacientes, portadores de uropatía obstructiva baja secundaria a HNBP, entre noviembre de 2005 y abril de 2006, en el Hospital Militar de Santiago. Se registraron las características pre operatorias y los resultados post operatorios y complicaciones. Resultados: El volumen prostático promedio fue de 51 cc (rango 24 a 78). El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 83 minutos (rango 40 a 120). Dieciséis pacientes quedaron sin sonda Foley antes de las 24 horas. El promedio del score AUA preoperatorio fue de 22 y disminuyó a 11,4 a los 30 días. El flujo máximo promedio en el pre operatorio fue de 9 ml/seg y aumentó a 18,2, 22,1, 22,5, 25,3 y 27,2 ml/seg al día 1, 7, 14, 21 y 30 respectivamente. Las complicaciones no fueron de gravedad e incluyeron demora en el retiro de la sonda Foley (11,1 por ciento), disuria (16,6 por ciento) y hematuria tardía (11,1 por ciento). Conclusiones: La vaporización fotoselectiva del adenoma prostático con láser KTP es una técnica segura, fácil de aprender, con buenos resultados funcionales a corto plazo y con bajo riesgo de complicaciones.


Prostatic adenoma photoselective vaporization is a low invasive technique. It is a tissue vaporization and removal using green KTP laser, under 80W power. The purpose of this work was to report our experience with this technique. Material and Methods: Selective photovaporization with KTP laser to 18 patients, carriers of secondary low obstructive uropathy HNBP, was carried out from November, 2005 to April 2006, in Hospital Militar of Santiago. Pre-operation characteristics and post- operation results and complications were registered. Results: The prostatic volume average was 51cc (range 24 to 78). Average operation time was 83 minutes (range 40 to 120). The Foley catheter was removed from sixteen patients before 24 hours. The AUA preoperation average score was 22, and on the 30th day it diminished to 11.4. The maximum average in the pre-operation was 9 ml/sec and it increased to 18.2, 22.1, 22.5, 25.3 and 27.2 ml/sec. at the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th day, respectively. Complications were not serious. They included delay in the removal of Foley catheter (11.1%), dysuria (16.6%) and late hematuria (11.1%) Conclusions: Prostatic adenoma photoselective vaporization with KTP laser is a safe, easy to learn technique, with good functional results at the short term and with low risk of complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Laser Therapy/methods , Prostatic Hyperplasia/therapy , Urethral Obstruction/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Follow-Up Studies , Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male
14.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 34(Database issue): D590-8, 2006 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16381938

ABSTRACT

The University of California Santa Cruz Genome Browser Database (GBD) contains sequence and annotation data for the genomes of about a dozen vertebrate species and several major model organisms. Genome annotations typically include assembly data, sequence composition, genes and gene predictions, mRNA and expressed sequence tag evidence, comparative genomics, regulation, expression and variation data. The database is optimized to support fast interactive performance with web tools that provide powerful visualization and querying capabilities for mining the data. The Genome Browser displays a wide variety of annotations at all scales from single nucleotide level up to a full chromosome. The Table Browser provides direct access to the database tables and sequence data, enabling complex queries on genome-wide datasets. The Proteome Browser graphically displays protein properties. The Gene Sorter allows filtering and comparison of genes by several metrics including expression data and several gene properties. BLAT and In Silico PCR search for sequences in entire genomes in seconds. These tools are highly integrated and provide many hyperlinks to other databases and websites. The GBD, browsing tools, downloadable data files and links to documentation and other information can be found at http://genome.ucsc.edu/.


Subject(s)
Databases, Genetic , Genomics , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , California , Computer Graphics , Dogs , Gene Expression , Genes , Humans , Internet , Mice , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Proteins/chemistry , Proteins/genetics , Proteins/metabolism , Proteomics , Rats , Sequence Alignment , Software , User-Computer Interface
15.
Rev. chil. urol ; 70(4): 240-243, 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-452494

ABSTRACT

Para el manejo de la estenosis de uretra se han descrito varias alternativas terapéuticas, incluyendo la dilatación uretral, la uretrotomía interna (UI) y las uretroplastias. Se presenta la experiencia en los pacientes que han sido manejados con una UI como tratamiento primario y evaluar sus resultados y complicaciones. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de 67 pacientes sometidos a UI en el Hospital Militar de Santiago, entre marzo de 1981 y marzo de 2004. El método de estudio diagnóstico más utilizado fue la uretroscopia (79 por ciento), seguido de la uroflujometría (54 por ciento) y de la uretrocistografía (48 por ciento). Se realizaron 75 uretrotomías internas (8 pacientes presentaban 2 estenosis). La causa de la estenosis fue la instrumentación de la vía urinaria (46 por ciento) (20 pacientes por tratamiento de patología prostática y 11 pacientes por uso de sonda Foley por otra causa), idiopática (31 por ciento), uretritis (17 por ciento) y traumática (6 por ciento). La localización más frecuente fue uretra bulbar (64 por ciento), seguido de uretra peniana (19 por ciento), membranosa (9 por ciento) y meatal (8 por ciento). Todos los pacientes fueron controlados y seguidos en el policlínico de urología, con una mediana de seguimiento de 30 meses (3-240). La recurrencia clínica fue de 16 por ciento, 44 por ciento, 55 por ciento y 65 por ciento, con una primera uretrotomía, a los 6, 12, 24 y 36 meses de seguimiento respectivamente. De los 44 pacientes que recurrieron, (23 por ciento) se les realizó una nueva uretrotomía y a los 34 restantes (77 por ciento), se les manejó con dilataciones uretrales periódicas. Del total de pacientes con recurrencia, 6 se encuentran sin tratamiento y conformes con su chorro miccional, los que junto a los 23 pacientes que respondieron con la primera uretrotomía, constituyen un total de 29 pacientes (43,2 por ciento) con buena respuesta clínica y un manejo no invasivo. Diez pacientes (15 por ciento) se complicaron, 3 presentar...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Intraoperative Complications , Urethral Stricture/surgery , Urethra/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Recurrence
16.
Rev. chil. urol ; 70(3): 127-131, 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-430757

ABSTRACT

Hemos implementado un programa continuo de screening para cáncer de próstata en el Hospital Militar de Santiago. Presentamos los resultados de los primeros 434 pacientes atendidos. Entre septiembre de 2003 y agosto de 2004 se atendió en un policlínico especial, separado del policlínico de ®morbilidad urológica¼, a los pacientes que consultaran solicitando específicamente un ®chequeo¼ prostático. La evaluación consistió en una breve encuesta, un tacto rectal y un antígeno prostático específico (APE), para el cual se tomó la muestra al momento de solicitar la hora. Del total de 434 pacientes que consultaron fueron excluidos para el análisis los menores de 40 años y los mayores de 75 años, quedando 412 pacientes en el rango de 40 a 75 años. Se definió como alterado un APE >2,50 ng/ml en los pacientes de 40 a 49 años, un APE >3,00 ng/ml en los pacientes de 50 a 59 años y un APE >4,00 ng/ml en los pacientes de 60 a 75 años. Los pacientes con APE alterado y/o tacto rectal sospechoso de cáncer fueron sometidos a biopsia transrectal ecoguiada extendida (>=12 muestras), a excepción de aquellos que presentaban síntomas del tracto urinario inferior (en ausencia de tacto rectal sospechoso). Estos últimos fueron tratados con ciprofloxacino oral por 10-20 días y controlados con un nuevo APE. Los pacientes que tuvieron persistencia de APE elevado fueron sometidos a biopsia. Toda la información obtenida fue registrada en forma prospectiva. Para el an*lisis estadístico se utilizó el programa Excel v.X de Microsoft(r). En 29 de 412 pacientes (7 por ciento) se encontró un APE anormal para la edad y/o un tacto rectal sospechoso de cáncer. De éstos, 18 pacientes fueron sometidos a biopsia, 13 en forma inmediata y 5 después de tratamiento antibiótico. De los restantes 11 pacientes, el APE post-antibióticos se normalizó en 6 casos y estaba aún pendiente al momento de la revisión en 5 casos. El estudio histopatológico demostró adenocarcinoma en 9 de las 18 biopsias (50 por ciento), lo que se traduce en una tasa de detección global de 2,2 por ciento. La biopsia demostró tumor bilateral en 6 casos y un score de Gleason >=7 en 5 casos. Es factible implementar un programa continuo de ®screening¼ prostático. A pesar del aparente beneficio individual, el impacto poblacional de diagnosticar y tratar a los pacientes con cáncer prostático mediante ®screening¼ y la relación costo-beneficio de éste seguirán siendo materia de debate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mass Screening/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Prostate-Specific Antigen
17.
Rev. chil. urol ; 69(1): 51-55, 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-393951

ABSTRACT

El uso de anestesia local en biopsias prostáticas transrectales podría contribuir a aumentar la detección de cáncer al mejorar la tolerancia al procedimiento y permitir así, un mayor número de punciones. Sin embargo, la dosis óptima de anestesia y la tasa de complicaciones asociadas no han sido claramente establecidas. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la efectividad, tolerancia y complicaciones en biopsias prostáticas transrectales realizadas con y sin anestesia local. Se estudian 412 biopsias prostáticas transrectales, ecoguiadas, 119 sin y 293 con anestesia, estas últimas en forma prospectiva; 149 de ellas con 10 ml y las 144 restantes con 20 ml de lidocaína al 1 porciento, realizadas entre mayo de 1994 y julio de 2003, en el Hospital Militar de Santiago. Se analizan parámetros clínicos, indicación de biopsia, índice de detección de cáncer y complicaciones. Además, en ambos grupos con anestesia se registró la percepción del dolor según escala visual análoga (EVA). El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el test de proporciones y el test de t-student para diferencia de medias, con un valor p significativo <0,05. Los tres grupos son comparables en cuanto a edad, indicación de la biopsia, hallazgo al tacto rectal (TR) y al antígeno prostático específico (APE). El índice global de detección de cáncer fue de 30 porciento, no encontrándose diferencias entre los grupos estudiados (p >0,05). Tampoco se hallaron diferencias en el número de complicaciones. El uso de anestesia local otorga una excelente tolerancia al procedimiento, permitiendo realizar un mayor número de biopsias, sin aumentar la morbilidad. Sin embargo, esta ventaja no se vio reflejada en un aumento en la detección de cáncer. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el uso de 10 ó 20 ml de lidocaína en ninguno de los parámetros estudiados. El APE y el TR, por sí solos, no son elementos suficientes para descartar o confirmar la presencia de cáncer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Biopsy/methods , Prostate/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms , Chile
18.
Rev. chil. urol ; 69(3): 215-218, 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-430719

ABSTRACT

La biopsia prostática transrectal ecoguiada es un procedimiento bien tolerado y con un bajo nivel de complicaciones. Éstas suelen ser hemorrágicas o infecciosas. Debido a una tasa inusualmente elevada de complicaciones infecciosas, decidimos caracterizar a este grupo de pacientes. Estudio de casos y controles. Se analizan 233 biopsias prostáticas transrectales realizadas entre el 1 de agosto de 2003 y el 31 de mayo de 2004, todas con anestesia local periprostática. Los pacientes recibieron preparación con ciprofloxacino (2 dosis de 500 mg previo al examen y 8 dosis posterior a éste) y enema fleet (2 aplicaciones previo al examen). Cuarenta y tres pacientes habían recibido previamente este antibiótico como tratamiento por distintas causas. Se registraron complicaciones en 9 pacientes (3,9 por ciento). Hubo 2 casos de orquiepididimitis, 1 de sepsis sin foco clínico y 6 casos de prostatitis aguda. En dos de estos últimos se registró un cuadro séptico concomitante. El promedio global de hospitalización fue de 5,4 días. El promedio de punciones fue de 14,3 para los pacientes con complicaciones y de 13,4 para los no complicados (p=0,15). En los 9 pacientes con complicaciones infecciosas, los urocultivos y/o hemocultivos arrojaron una Escherichia coli. Seis de ellos habían estado expuestos al ciprofloxacino por 10 o más días durante los 2 meses previos a la biopsia. Las complicaciones infecciosas fueron significativamente más prevalentes entre los pacientes previamente expuestos al ciprofloxacino que en aquellos no expuestos (p=0,0001; OR 10,1). Todas las cepas encontradas, excepto en un paciente, demostraron ser resistentes al ciprofloxacino. A su vez, todas ellas, excepto una, eran sensibles a las cefalosporinas de 3a generación. No se registró resistencia a los carbapenems. La sensibilidad a los aminoglicósidos y sulfas fue variable en cada caso. Las infecciones post biopsia pueden constituir un cuadro grave. En estos casos, el germen más frecuentemente encontrado es la E. coli y su resistencia al ciprofloxacino es alta. El uso previo de este fármaco se asocia a un importante riesgo de complicación infecciosa. En estos pacientes, debiera considerarse un esquema alternativo de profilaxis antibiótica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Biopsy/adverse effects , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Prostate/abnormalities , Ciprofloxacin/adverse effects , Epididymitis/complications , Case-Control Studies , Orchitis/complications , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/adverse effects , Prostatitis/complications , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Sepsis/complications , Urinary Tract
19.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 31(1): 51-4, 2003 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12519945

ABSTRACT

The University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser Database is an up to date source for genome sequence data integrated with a large collection of related annotations. The database is optimized to support fast interactive performance with the web-based UCSC Genome Browser, a tool built on top of the database for rapid visualization and querying of the data at many levels. The annotations for a given genome are displayed in the browser as a series of tracks aligned with the genomic sequence. Sequence data and annotations may also be viewed in a text-based tabular format or downloaded as tab-delimited flat files. The Genome Browser Database, browsing tools and downloadable data files can all be found on the UCSC Genome Bioinformatics website (http://genome.ucsc.edu), which also contains links to documentation and related technical information.


Subject(s)
Databases, Genetic , Genome, Human , Genomics , Animals , California , Database Management Systems , Humans , Information Storage and Retrieval , Mice
20.
Rev. chil. urol ; 68(3): 329-334, 2003. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-395079

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el riesgo (mortalidad y morbilidad) de las nefrectomías de donante vivo realizadas en el Hospital Militar de Santiago (Hosmil). Revisión retrospectiva de 33 nefrectomías de donante vivo realizadas por lumbotomía, en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital Militar entre enero de 1983 y diciembre de 2001. Se revisan características de los pacientes, de la cirugía y el desarrollo de complicaciones peri operatorias. En la serie tuvimos una complicación mayor (3,0 porciento): desgarro esplénico, que requirió de esplenectomía, y 8 complicaciones menores en 7 donantes (21,2 porciento): 2 neumotórax (6,1 porciento), 2 infecciones de herida operatoria (6,1 porciento), 1 neumonía (3,0 porciento), 1 bronquitis aguda febril (3,0 porciento), 1 seroma (3,0 porciento) y 1 infección urinaria(3,0 porciento). No hubo mortalidad en los donantes. El análisis univariado identificó que los donantes de sexo masculino tenían una tendencia a presentar un mayor índice de complicaciones (p=0,051). La nefrectomía de donante vivo puede ser realizada con una baja tasa de complicaciones mayores y sin riesgo vital. Nuestra tasa de complicaciones es comparable a otras series publicadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Living Donors/supply & distribution , Nephrectomy/methods , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Chile , Nephrectomy/adverse effects , Nephrectomy/statistics & numerical data , Nephrectomy/mortality , Kidney Diseases/surgery , Patient Selection , Retrospective Studies
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