ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Volunteers are expected to play a key role in children's hospice. However, there is a lack of information about how to cultivate effective volunteer training programs. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of a training program on volunteers' confidence in providing learning support and sharing experiences with children with life-threatening conditions and their families in a children's hospice. METHODS: In this pre-post study, participants were 48 undergraduate and graduate students from 3 universities in Japan. They received 5 lectures on children's hospice learning support. They evaluated the training program by rating their self-confidence in meeting each of the 15 program goals on a questionnaire. RESULTS: An exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire yielded 12 goals in 4 factors: understanding of one's own and others' mental state, accommodating the learning needs of children with life-threatening conditions, understanding and accommodating the physical state of children with life-threatening conditions, and understanding the significance of children's hospice. A paired t test revealed that participants' self-confidence had increased significantly in 3 of these 4 factors after the program. However, the score for accommodating the learning needs of children with life-threatening conditions decreased but not significantly. CONCLUSION: Although it needs some improvements, the program was effective for improving volunteers' self-confidence in and understanding of learning support and sharing experiences with children with life-threatening conditions.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Clinical Competence , Palliative Care/methods , Volunteers/education , Child , Education, Medical/methods , Female , Hospice Care/methods , Humans , Japan , Male , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
A new procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of syn α-amino ß-oxy ketones is reported. It consists of two steps; in the first step, α-amino silyl enol ethers having a (Z) geometry are prepared from 1-alkynes via 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles. In the second step, the silyl enol ethers undergo the TiCl4-mediated Mukaiyama aldol reaction with aldehydes to produce α-amino ß-oxy ketones with excellent syn-selectivity.
ABSTRACT
A stereoselective method for synthesis of trans-2,3-disubstituted 2,3-dihydropyrroles is reported. N-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles prepared from terminal alkynes generate α-imino rhodium carbene complexes, which when combined with α,ß-unsaturated aldehydes produce trans-2,3-disubstituted dihydropyrroles. The method can be successfully applied to a one-pot process starting from terminal alkynes.
Subject(s)
Alkynes/chemistry , Azides/chemistry , Pyrroles/chemical synthesis , Sulfones/chemical synthesis , Triazoles/chemistry , Aldehydes/chemistry , Catalysis , Molecular Structure , Pyrroles/chemistry , Rhodium/chemistry , Stereoisomerism , Sulfones/chemistry , Triazoles/chemical synthesisABSTRACT
1-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles, readily prepared from terminal alkynes and sulfonyl azides, react with allenes in the presence of a nickel(0) catalyst to produce the corresponding isopyrroles. The initially produced isopyrroles are further converted to a wide range of polysubstituted pyrroles through double bond transposition and Alder-ene reactions.
Subject(s)
Alkynes/chemistry , Azides/chemistry , Azides/chemical synthesis , Pyrroles/chemistry , Pyrroles/chemical synthesis , Sulfones/chemistry , Triazoles/chemistry , Triazoles/chemical synthesis , Catalysis , Cyclization , Molecular Structure , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
This is one of a series of studies on the reversal of the helix sense of polyaspartates originated from the pioneering work of Goodman and his associates in 1960s. Poly(beta-p-chlorobenzyl L-aspartate) (PClBLA) is one of the well-studied polyaspartate derivatives in both solution and the solid state. The chemical structure of PClBLA differs from those of poly(beta-benzyl L-aspartate) (PBLA) and poly(beta-phenethyl L-aspartate) (PPLA) only at the terminal of the relatively long side chain. PBLA takes a left-handed form (L) in conventional helicoidal solvents and does not exhibit any screw-sense inversion. In contrast to PBLA, both PClBLA and PPLA form a right-handed helix (R) in chlorinated alkane solvents and exhibits a reversal of alpha-helix sense at higher temperatures. Yet the transition behaviors in the presence of denaturant acid are quite different between these two polymers. While PPLA exhibits transitions such as R --> L --> coil by lowering temperature, PClBLA directly goes into the coil state without showing the reentrant L form. The cause of these phenomenological differences among these polymers has been investigated by constructing the phase diagram.
