Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide inhibits trophoblast invasion in the presence of nicotine.

INTRODUCTION: Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease associated with Gram-negative subgingival microflora. In pregnant women, periodontitis is thought to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, although the pathophysiology is unknown. Additionally, smoking is an established risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. In the present study, we examined the direct effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides (PGLPS) and nicotine on a trophoblast cell line. METHODS: HTR-8/SVneo cells were plated on Matrigel chambers with or without PGLPS and nicotine. The invasive activity of the cells was directly evaluated using microscopy. RESULTS: PGLPS alone did not reduce the invasive activity of the HTR-8/SVneo cells. The co-administration of nicotine with PGLPS significantly reduced the invasive activity of the cells. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that although the direct pathogenic effects of P. gingivalis alone on trophoblast invasion may be limited, concurrent smoking reduces trophoblast invasion into the myometrium and inhibits maternal vascular reconstruction.

Influence of self-etching primer drying time on enamel bond strength of resin composites.

OBJECTIVES: In clinical situations, a dentine primer is usually applied to enamel, in addition to dentine. This study was carried out to determine the influence of the air drying time of self-etching primers on their bond strength to enamel. METHODS: Three self-etching primer systems, Fluoro Bond (FB, Shofu Inc.), Liner Bond II (LB, Kuraray Co.) and Mac Bond 2 (MB, Tokuyama Co.) were employed. Bovine mandibular incisors were mounted in self-curing resin and the enamel surfaces were wet ground with number 600 SiC paper. Following primer application, the enamel surface was dried with compressed air for 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 s from 10 cm above the enamel surface using a three-way syringe. Adhesives were applied and composites were condensed into a Teflon mold (4 x 2 mm) placed on the enamel and light activated. Ten samples per test group were stored in 37 degrees C water for 24 h, then shear tested at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm min-1. One-way ANOVAs followed by Duncan tests (p < 0.05) were done. RESULTS: The enamel bond strengths varied with the different air drying times and ranged from 8.2 +/- 3.2-17.4 +/- 3.0 MPa for LB, 10.9 +/- 2.8-16.3 +/- 3.3 MPa for FB, and 17.5 +/- 2.5-19.4 +/- 2.2 MPa for MB. For LB and FB, there appeared to be a minimum drying time of 10 s. LB was the most affected by drying time, while MB did not change. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggests that the enamel bond strengths of these bonding systems can be influenced by the drying time of the primer applied prior to bond agent application and the tendency was different among the systems studied.