ABSTRACT
The mortality rate of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is more than 80% in Japan, which is markedly higher than that in adults. Basic life support (BLS) by bystanders is essential for preventing sudden cardiac death. In the model core curriculum for pharmaceutical education in 2024, students must acquire the ability to ensure public health. As part of our educational policy, pharmacy students provide a workshop on infant BLS. This workshop is incorporated after the PUSH course, an authorized training program for BLS focused on chest compressions and AED use of people over elementary school age, for convenience. We herein investigated whether infant BLS training promoted the comprehension of and motivation to perform BLS for infants and assessed the educational relevance of pharmacy students serving as instructors of the BLS training course. Questionnaire responses were obtained from participants before and after the workshop. The majority of participants were college students and childcare workers. Knowledge of infant BLS by childcare workers was significantly more extensive than that by the other participants; however, overall understanding of infant BLS and the motivation to contribute to it increased irrespective of participant backgrounds. Overall improvement was also observed in the items necessary to implement BLS excluding artificial ventilation even though the instructions were given only by pharmacy students. The present results demonstrate that infant BLS training effectively enhanced public motivation to perform BLS for infants with cardiac arrest.
ABSTRACT
In Japan, the revised Immunization Law was enacted in December 2020, and municipalities have promoted a free vaccination project against COVID-19 with the aid of upper prefectural governments under the management of the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare. To support prompt vaccination for residents over 65 years old, Kawachinagano City Pharmaceutical Association supplied a Prevaccination Screening Questionnaire to all pharmacies in Kawachinagano in cooperation with the local governments and medical associations. We conducted a questionnaire survey on the handling of questionnaire forms at pharmacies and the content of consultation by residents regarding vaccination, and investigated the significance of community pharmacy in regional medical activities by analyzing the responses. By the end of May 2021, the number of questionnaire forms provided to residents from pharmacies of the Kawachinagano City Pharmaceutical Association was approximately 3,000, which was attributable to the efforts of each pharmacist in almost all pharmacies to individually offer sincere consultation services to residents. In addition, residents were markedly concerned about pharmacotherapy, with the frequency of consultation by residents being higher about “treatment details, including drug use” and “adverse reactions of the vaccine.” Our study revealed that community pharmacies of the Kawachinagano City Pharmaceutical Association largely contributed to the smooth implementation of vaccination by performing routine work originally dealt to the local governments and medical institutions, which strongly suggests that community pharmacies fulfill their mission corresponding to social needs even during a pandemic.
ABSTRACT
This study was to examine the relationship between bone maturation scores and the nutrition indexes, and to consider the estimated range for the evaluation of bone maturation scores. This study investigated the relationship between the bone maturation scores and the nutrition indexes of compound variables of height, body weight and sitting height, by the correlation coefficients in eleven items and used them as raw data for analysis.<BR>The obtained results were as follows<BR>1. The correlation coefficients between the nutrition indexes and bone maturation scores (Middle Phalanges) showed that in the second sexual period boys were significance at the level 0.05 in all the Rohrer, Kaup and Kawahata indexes. Each of them were as follows : Rohrer index 0.325, Kaup index 0.415, Kawahata index 0.485. In the girls also the correlation coefficients showed significance between the Rohrer, Kaup, and Kawahata indexes of all three phalanges scores, especially in correlation with the Middle Phalanges scores : Rohrer index 0.458, Kaup index 0.540, Kawahata index 0.424.<BR>2. If the bone maturation scores are evaluated by the three nutrition indexes, it may be estimated that the bone maturation scores are evaluated by the Middle Phalanges scores for both boys and girls.<BR>Regression Equations and the Standard Error (SE.) of estimate are as follows<BR>Rohrer Index ; Boys : Y=12.42+0.75X, S.E.=±0.15<BR>Girls : Y=10.00+1.55X, S.E.=±0.38<BR>Kaup Index ; Boys : Y=10.48+0.62X, S.E.=±0.21<BR>Girls : Y=8.23+1.13X, S.E.=±0.35<BR>Kawahata Index ; Boys : Y=10.47+1.82X, S.E.=±0.21<BR>Girls : Y=12.08+2.66X, S.E.=±0.29<BR>note : X (nutrition indexes) Y (bone maturation scores)<BR>3. The S.E, of estimated scores in bone maturation scores which were obtained by using each the nutrition index scores of the estimate equations were very small and the results of t-Test in the means of estimated scores and the means of actual measurement showed hardly any significant difference at the level 0.01. According to these results the estimate equations used here were considered to be of higher reliability.<BR>4. The bone maturation scores were compared with the two groups, good and poor, classified by the nutrition indexes. In the case of the boys there was no significant difference in the Rohrer index.<BR>But according to the Kaup and Kawahata indexes there were significant differences in each part of the bone except for the Proximal Phalanges scores. In the girls there were equally significant differences in all three nutrition indexes of the good-poor groups.<BR>From the results found in this study, the nutrition indexes may by considered as an index to estimate the bone maturation scores, at least, of junior high school students in growing period.
