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1.
Childs Nerv Syst ; 31(5): 729-33, 2015 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25700613

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to describe a new ultrasonographic technique to assess the normal level of the cerebellum and the brainstem in the posterior fossa in normal foetuses and to compare in pathologic cases. METHODS: We propose a new line cross between the dens cervical and the inferior portion of occipitum (occipitum-dens line-ODL). In a cross-sectional study, a single observer with experience in foetal neurosonography evaluated 54 foetuses (40 normal and 14 with open neural tube defect) between 20 and 28 weeks of gestation. The reference points for the ODL are principally the lower portion of the occipital bone (occipitum) and odontoid process of the second cervical vertebra (dens). The line was considered the level zero (near level of foramen magnum). Structures above it had a positive measurement and below it had a negative measurement. RESULTS: Moreover, in most foetuses with open neural tube defect (93 %), the end portion of cerebellum was below the ODL associated with different degrees of ventriculomegaly. CONCLUSION: The proposed innovation aims to bring to the ultrasound the most likely anatomical parameters of evaluation in normal foetuses and in foetuses with spinal dysraphism.


Subject(s)
Cranial Fossa, Posterior/diagnostic imaging , Foramen Magnum/diagnostic imaging , Neural Tube Defects/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans
2.
World J Radiol ; 7(1): 17-21, 2015 Jan 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25628801

ABSTRACT

Congenital central nervous system tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and often have a poor prognosis. The most frequent type is the teratoma. Use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance image allows the suspicion of brain tumors during pregnancy. However, the definitive diagnosis is only confirmed after birth by histology. The purpose of this mini-review article is to describe the general clinical aspects of intracranial tumors and describe the main fetal brain tumors.

3.
Med Ultrason ; 16(4): 377-9, 2014 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25463893

ABSTRACT

A case of prenatally diagnosed otocephaly is reported. Otocephaly is an extremely rare malformation characterized by absence or hypoplasia of the mandible and abnormal horizontal position of the ears. 2D ultrasound performed at 25 weeks of gestation revealed agnathia, proboscis and hypotelorism. 3D ultrasound (rendering mode) and magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate the facial features, and were essential for characterization of facial malformations in otocephaly and for the demonstration and correct prenatal counseling of the couple.


Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Craniofacial Abnormalities/diagnosis , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Adult , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods
4.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 71(9A): 604-8, 2013 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24141440

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare neuromotor development between patients who did and those who did not undergo intrauterine myelomeningocele repair. METHODS: Children with myelomeningocele aged between 3.5 and 6 years who did undergo intrauterine repair (Group A, n=6) or not (Group B; n=7) were assessed for neuromotor development at both anatomical and functional levels, need for orthoses, and cognitive function. RESULTS: Intrauterine myelomeningocele repair significantly improved motor function. The functional level was higher than the anatomical level by 2 or more spinal segments in all children in Group A and 2 children in Group B, with a significant statistical difference between groups (p<0.05). Five children in Group A and one in Group B were community ambulators. CONCLUSION: Despite the small sample, it was observed that an improvement of motor function and decreased need for postnatal shunting in the 6 children who had undergone intrauterine myelomeningocele repair.


Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Developmental Disabilities/prevention & control , Fetal Diseases/surgery , Fetoscopy , Meningomyelocele/surgery , Motor Skills Disorders/prevention & control , Child , Child, Preschool , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Cognition Disorders/rehabilitation , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Developmental Disabilities/rehabilitation , Disability Evaluation , Disabled Children , Humans , Meningomyelocele/complications , Motor Skills Disorders/etiology , Motor Skills Disorders/rehabilitation , Prenatal Diagnosis , Treatment Outcome
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(9A): 604-608, set. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-687274

ABSTRACT

Objective To compare neuromotor development between patients who did and those who did not undergo intrauterine myelomeningocele repair. Methods Children with myelomeningocele aged between 3.5 and 6 years who did undergo intrauterine repair (Group A, n=6) or not (Group B; n=7) were assessed for neuromotor development at both anatomical and functional levels, need for orthoses, and cognitive function. Results Intrauterine myelomeningocele repair significantly improved motor function. The functional level was higher than the anatomical level by 2 or more spinal segments in all children in Group A and 2 children in Group B, with a significant statistical difference between groups (p<0.05). Five children in Group A and one in Group B were community ambulators. Conclusion Despite the small sample, it was observed that an improvement of motor function and decreased need for postnatal shunting in the 6 children who had undergone intrauterine myelomeningocele repair. .


Objetivo Comparar o desenvolvimento neuromotor de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia fetal intrauterina da mielomeningocele ao de pacientes não submetidos ao procedimento. Métodos Foram avaliados: o desenvolvimento neuromotor (descrevendo o nível anatômico e motor funcional), o tipo de marcha, a necessidade de órteses e o nível cognitivo de crianças com mielomeningocele entre 3,5 e 6 anos de idade, submetidas (Grupo A; n=6) ou não submetidas (Grupo B; n=7) à cirurgia fetal intra-uterina. Resultados A função motora apre-sentou melhora significante, com nível funcional mais elevado em dois ou mais segmentos em relação ao nível anatômico em todas as crianças do Grupo A e em duas crianças do Grupo B, com diferença estatística entre os grupos (p<0.05). Cinco crianças do Grupo A e uma do grupo B eram deambuladoras comunitárias. Conclusão Apesar da pequena amostragem, nos 6 casos de cirurgia prenatal observouse melhora da função motora e menor necessidade de shunts pós-natais. .


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Developmental Disabilities/prevention & control , Fetoscopy , Fetal Diseases/surgery , Meningomyelocele/surgery , Motor Skills Disorders/prevention & control , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Cognition Disorders/rehabilitation , Disability Evaluation , Disabled Children , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Developmental Disabilities/rehabilitation , Meningomyelocele/complications , Motor Skills Disorders/etiology , Motor Skills Disorders/rehabilitation , Prenatal Diagnosis , Treatment Outcome
6.
Childs Nerv Syst ; 28(3): 461-7, 2012 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22205531

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Present the outcomes of six cases submitted to intrauterine myelomeningocele (MMC) repair. METHODS: Descriptive observational study of six children submitted to antenatal surgical repair of MMC between 26 and 27 weeks gestation. All deliveries were through cesarean section. The following neonatal variables were assessed: gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar scores, need for intubation, duration of hospital stay and need for postnatal shunt procedures. After 3.5 years, the children were evaluated using the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale or Denver II tests and the Hoffer Ambulation Scale. RESULTS: All deliveries were preterm at a mean gestational age of 32 + 4 weeks and mean birth weight was 1,942 g. Two infants had Apgar scores <7 at 1 min and 1 at 5 min. Ventricular-peritoneal shunts were placed in two cases. All six children are alive: five have normal cognitive development and one has a neuropsychomotor developmental delay. Two children had normal leg movements, a sacral functional level and are community ambulators. Three children had upper lumbar anatomical level lesions and one had a lower thoracic level lesion at the time of fetal surgery. One child, with an L1-L2 anatomical level lesion, in noambulatory and fully dependent on a wheelchair for mobility. CONCLUSION: Antenatal surgical repair of MMC reduced the need for postnatal shunt placements. Despite preterm delivery, the cognitive development of most children at 3.5 years was normal. Antenatal surgery seemed to improve lower limb motor function in these cases.


Subject(s)
Fetal Diseases/surgery , Hysterotomy/methods , Meningomyelocele/surgery , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Brazil , Child, Preschool , Delivery, Obstetric , Female , Fetal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Fetal Diseases/physiopathology , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Meningomyelocele/diagnostic imaging , Meningomyelocele/physiopathology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/surgery , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Retrospective Studies
7.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 28(8): 460-466, ago. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-449212

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: analisar a contagem dos corpos lamelares em comparação com o teste de Clements na avaliação da maturidade pulmonar fetal em gestantes diabéticas. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo envolvendo 62 gestantes submetidas a amniocentese entre a 26ª e a 39ª semana. O líquido amniótico foi imediatamente submetido ao teste de Clements e à contagem de corpos lamelares. Os partos ocorreram até três dias após a amniocentese. A ocorrência de síndrome de angústia respiratória, indicativa de imaturidade pulmonar, foi confrontada com os resultados de imaturidade da amniocentese (ausência de anel completo no 3° tubo e menos de 50.000 corpos lamelares). O teste do chi2 foi utilizado para comparar o desempenho dos dois métodos e p<0,05 foi considerado significante. RESULTADOS: sete neonatos apresentaram síndrome de angustia respiratória (11,3 por cento). A contagem de corpos lamelares e o teste de Clements tiveram desempenhos semelhantes quanto à sensibilidade (100 vs 71,4 por cento, respectivamente) e valor preditivo negativo (100 vs 93,5 por cento). A contagem de corpos lamelares teve melhor especificidade (87,3 por cento vs 52,7; p<0,001), valor preditivo positivo (50 vs 16,1 por cento; p=0,017) e acurácia (88,7 por cento versus 54,8 por cento; p<0,001) que o teste de Clements. CONCLUSÕES: a contagem de corpos lamelares revelou ser método simples e preciso na avaliação da maturidade pulmonar fetal. Comparado ao teste de Clements, tem a vantagem de não necessitar de manipulações e reagentes e de ter melhor desempenho quanto à especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e acurácia. Assim como o teste de Clements, a contagem de corpos lamelares tem alto valor preditivo negativo, assegurando que diante de um resultado maduro (50.000 ou mais), não ocorrerá síndrome de angustia respiratória.


PURPOSE: to assess the performance of lamellar body count compared to the shake (Clements) test in the prediction of fetal lung maturity in diabetics. METHODS: prospective study of 62 patients who underwent amniocentesis between the 26th and 39th week of pregnancy. Immediately after collection, the amniotic fluid sample was submitted to the shake test and lamellar body count. Deliveries occurred within three days of amniocentesis. Immature test results (absence of a complete bubble ring in the third tube for the shake test and less than 50,000 lamellar bodies) were confronted with the occurrence of pulmonary immaturity in the neonate (respiratory distress syndrome). The performance of both tests was compared using the chi2 test and p<0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: seven infants had respiratory distress syndrome (11.3 percent). The lamellar body count and shake test were similar regarding sensitivity (100 vs 71.4 percent, respectively) and negative predictive value (100 vs 93.5 percent). Lamellar body count was superior as regards specificity (87.3 vs 52.7 percent, p=0.0001), positive predictive value (50 vs 16.1 percent, p=0.017), and accuracy (88.7 vs 54.8 percent, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: lamellar body count is a simple and accurate method of assessing fetal lung maturity. It performs slightly better than the shake test in terms of specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy, with the advantage of not requiring manipulation or reagents. Similar to the shake test, lamellar body count has a high-negative predictive value: mature results (50,000 or more) indicate thar the infant will not have hyaline membrane.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Amniotic Fluid , Diabetes Mellitus , MATURIDADE DOS &#ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS , Lung/embryology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Diabetes, Gestational
8.
Femina ; 33(8): 615-620, ago. 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-471156

ABSTRACT

Nos últimos anos a ultra-sonografia tridimensional tem-se tornado um método de extrema importância em obstetrícia ao aumentar a sensibilidade do ultra-som bidimensional no diagnóstico de malformações fetais. Outra grande contribuição da ultra-sonografia tridimensional foi permitir o cálculo mais preciso do volume de órgãos fetais, principalmente aqueles com formas irregulares. Isso se baseia na capacidade do ultra-som tridimensional promover o delineamento de toda a superfície do órgão, ao passo que a ultra-sonografia bidimensional realiza o cálculo volumétrico através de fórmulas matemáticas. Com o surgimento do método VOCAL, que permite que o órgão seja rodado em torno de seu eixo, aparecem novas perspectivas para avaliações volumétricas cada vez mais precisas, possibilitando não apenas o diagnóstico mais precoce dos desvios do crescimento dos órgãos fetais, como também a avaliação de massas ou tumores. Em nosso meio, em que a disponibilidade de ressonância nuclear magnética está restrita a poucos centros de referência, seria de grande importância a maior difusão do método volumétrico tridimensional, permitindo diagnósticos mais precoces e precisos a custos mais baixos


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Fetus , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Lung Volume Measurements , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
9.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 25(6): 425-430, jul. 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-347974

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: avaliar a influência das alteraçöes ultra-sonográficas pré-natais e das contraçöes uterinas de trabalho de parto na evoluçäo motora neonatal em fetos portadores de espinha bífida aberta. MÉTODOS: foram analisados fetos portadores de espinha bífida aberta. Estes fetos foram acompanhados nos serviços de Medicina Fetal do Hospital Säo Paulo (Universidade Federal de Säo Paulo) e do Hospital e Maternidade Santa Joana. Todos os partos foram realizados nestes serviços e a avaliaçäo neonatal foi realizada pela equipe de Neurocirurgia comum a ambas as instituiçöes Foi observada a influência das alteraçöes ultra-sonográficas (macrocrania, microcrania, nível da falha de fechamento da coluna, pé torto e tipo de apresentaçäo fetal) na força muscular de membros inferiores no período neonatal. Foi analisada, também, a influência das contraçöes uterinas sobre a movimentaçäo dos membros inferiores. Todos os partos foram realizados por cesárea. Foram utilizados os testes de c² e Fisher para comparaçöes categóricas, com p<0,05 para estabelecer associaçäo significante. RESULTADOS: foram estudados cinqüenta e três casos de espinha bífida isolada. As alteraçöes da circunferência craniana e o nível da lesäo näo interferiram na parte neuromotora neonatal. Entretanto, a presença de pé torto e a apresentaçäo pélvica mostraram prognóstico neurológico neonatal desfavorável (p<0,05). O pé torto foi encontrado em 23 fetos (43 por cento). Dezoito recém-nascidos (78,3 por cento) portadores de pé torto apresentaram alteraçöes motoras. Nenhum neonato em apresentaçäo pélvica (n=10) mostrou funçäo motora normal. A diminuiçäo da força motora nos membros inferiores também foi observada em 13 fetos (87 por cento) expostos às contraçöes uterinas de trabalho de parto e à rotura prematura de membranas (p<0,05). CONCLUSÄO: a presença de pé torto e a apresentaçäo pélvica säo parâmetros úteis para a prediçäo da evoluçäo neurológica neonatal. Contraçöes uterinas de trabalho de parto e a rotura prematura de membrana säo fatores de pior prognóstico neuromotor neonatal


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Spina Bifida Cystica , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Uterine Contraction , Birth Injuries
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