ABSTRACT
New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM)-producing gram-negative rods, including Acinetobacter species, are a global problem but have rarely been isolated in Japan. To our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate an NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter soli strain, KUH106, in Japan. We analyzed this strain using next-generation sequencing to examine the plasmid carrying NDM-1. This plasmid, named pKUH106_NDM1, is 41,135 bp in length and contains genetic contexts with the structure ISAba14-aph(3')-VI-ISAba125-blaNDM-1ble-MBL. Comparative analysis of the plasmid revealed that it resembled the plasmids of Acinetobacter detected in various countries, such as the A. soli isolate from Taiwan and the Acinetobacter baumannii isolate from a healthcare facility in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. These results suggest that blaNDM-1 may spread via this plasmid in Acinetobacter species. This phenomenon needs to be confirmed through the genetic analysis of A. baumannii and other carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter species. In particular, blaNDM-1 and other resistance genes must be investigated, and the spread of these genes in the community must be cautioned.
ABSTRACT
Over the last decade, many public institutions have emphasized the importance of antimicrobial stewardship (AS) in reducing the spread of antimicrobial resistance. In our facility, we have tackled AS that has adapted to clinical practices since 2015. In many facilities, especially university hospitals, multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing bacteria, may cause infections. Considering this, we recommend prompt treatment with suitable antibiotics and dosage. In AS teams, pharmacists are responsible for administering pharmacotherapy, including optimal dosage for each patient. Therefore, they should assess their patients carefully, implement thorough therapeutic drug monitoring, and utilize the information obtained from these assessments to administer optimal pharmacotherapy. However, optimal pharmacotherapy also requires a correct diagnosis. Although diagnostic stewardship is not a pharmacist's work, it is a great opportunity for pharmacists to learn how expert physicians think. Based on the type of situation above, we train younger pharmacists on the job.
Subject(s)
Antimicrobial Stewardship , Education, Pharmacy , Hospitals, University , Pharmacists , Professional Role , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Drug Monitoring , Drug Resistance, Multiple , HumansABSTRACT
We isolated three strains of vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) from a blood sample of a patient with infective endocarditis (VISA-1), postoperative pneumonia sputum (VISA-2), and pyogenic spondylitis blood sample (VISA-3). These VISA strains did not carry vanA, vanB, vanC1, or vanC2/C3 genes. Cell wall thickening was observed. VISA-1 and VISA-3 PFGE patterns showed the completely same pattern compared to the PFGE pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus first isolated from patients 1 and 3. After 10 days on brain heart infusion agar, wall thickening in all three type of VISA was unchanged, but VISA-2 and VISA-3 reversed vancomycin susceptibility. The most suitable use of vancomycin in patients with MRSA infection thus appears to be in reducing the opportunity for cell wall thickening.
