Pretreatment body mass index affects achievement of target blood pressure with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2-I) shows excellent antihypertensive effects in addition to its hypoglycemic effects. However, whether body mass index (BMI) affects the antihypertensive effect of SGLT2-I remains unknown. We investigated the impact of baseline BMI on the achievement of target blood pressure (BP) with SGLT2-I treatment in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We retrospectively evaluated 447 Japanese patients with T2DM and CKD treated with SGLT2-I for at least 1 year. The primary outcome was achieving the target BP (<130/80 mmHg) after SGLT2-I treatment. Patients were divided into two groups according to a baseline BMI of 29.1 determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis and analyzed in a cohort model with propensity score matching. In each group, 130 patients were compared by propensity score matching. The target BP achievement rate was significantly higher in the BMI < 29.1 group than in the BMI ≥ 29.1 group (34% and 21%, respectively, p = 0.03). The odds ratio for achieving the target BP in the BMI ≥ 29.1 group was 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.90, p = 0.02). The BMI < 29.1 group had significantly lower systolic and diastolic BPs after SGLT2-I treatment than the BMI ≥ 29.1 group. Only the BMI < 29.1 group was showed a significant decrease in the logarithmic albumin-to-creatinine ratio from baseline after SGLT2-I treatment. In patients with T2DM and CKD, baseline BMI was associated with the antihypertensive effects of SGLT2-I. Patients in the lower baseline BMI group were more likely to achieve the target BP after SGLT2-I treatment. Pretreatment BMI affects the antihypertensice effect of SGLT2 inhibirors in patients with T2DM and CKD.

The concomitant use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors improved the renal outcome of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists.

Aims: This study aimed to clarify the renal influence of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1Ras) with or without sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: We retrospectively extracted 547 patients with T2DM who visited the clinics of members of Kanagawa Physicians Association. The progression of albuminuria status and/or a ≥ 15% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) per year was set as the renal composite outcome. Propensity score matching was performed to compare GLP1Ra-treated patients with and without SGLT2i. Results: After matching, 186 patients in each group were compared. There was no significant difference of the incidence of the renal composite outcomes (17% vs. 20%, P = 0.50); however, the annual decrease in the eGFR was significantly smaller and the decrease in the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was larger in GLP1Ra-treated patients with the concomitant use of SGLT2is than in those without it (-1.1 ±â€…5.0 vs. -2.8 ±â€…5.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.001; and -0.08 ±â€…0.61 vs. 0.05 ±â€…0.52, P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: The concomitant use of SGLT2i with GLP1Ra improved the annual decrease in the eGFR and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in Japanese patients with T2DM.

Comparison of renal outcomes between sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists.

AIMS: This study aimed to clarify the differences in how sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1Ra) influence kidney function in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We retrospectively built two databases of patients with T2DM who visited the clinics of members of Kanagawa Physicians Association. We defined the renal composite outcome as either progression of albuminuria status and/or > 15% deterioration in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) per year. We used propensity score matching to compare patient outcomes after SGLT2i and GLP1Ra treatments. RESULTS: The incidence of renal composite outcomes was significantly lower in SGLT2i-treated patients than in GLP1Ra-treated patients (n = 15[11%] and n = 27[20%], respectively, P = 0.001). Annual eGFR changes (mL/min/1.73 m2/year) between the two groups differed significantly (-1.8 [95 %CI, -2.7, -0.9] in SGLT2i-treated patients and - 3.4 [95 %CI, -4.6, -2.2] in GLP1Ra-treated patients, P = 0.0049). The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio changed owing to a significant interaction between the presence or absence of a decrease in systolic blood pressure and the difference in treatments (P < 0.04). CONCLUSION: Renal composite outcome incidence was lower in SGLT2i-treated patients than in GLP1Ra-treated patients.

Blood pressure after treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors influences renal composite outcome: Analysis using propensity score-matched models.

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the association of achieved blood pressure with renal outcomes in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed 624 Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease taking SGLT2i for >1 year. The patients were classified as those with post-treatment mean arterial pressure (MAP) of ≥92 mmHg (n = 344) and those with MAP of <92 mmHg (n = 280) for propensity score matching (1:1 nearest neighbor match with 0.04 of caliper value and no replacement). The end-point was a composite of progression of albuminuria or a decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate by ≥15% per year. RESULTS: By propensity score matching, a matched cohort model was constructed, including 201 patients in each group. The incidence of renal composite outcome was significantly lower among patients with MAP of <92 mmHg than among patients with MAP of ≥92 mmHg (n = 11 [6%] vs n = 26 [13%], respectively, P = 0.001). The change in estimated glomerular filtration rate was similar in the two groups; however, the change in the albumin-to-creatinine ratio was significantly larger in patients with MAP of <92 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS: In Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease, blood pressure after SGLT2i administration influences the renal composite outcome. Blood pressure management is important, even during treatment with SGLT2i.

Retrospective Analysis of the Renoprotective Effects of Long-Term Use of Six Types of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Aim: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) provide renal protection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to elucidate the renal effects of long-term use of six types of SGLT2is in Japanese patients with T2DM and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods: The Kanagawa Physicians Association maintains a registry of patients who visit their 31 clinics. We retrieved clinical data of patients with T2DM and CKD who were prescribed with SGLT2is for >1 year. Results: A total of 763 patients with a median treatment duration of 33 months were included. The logarithmic value of urine albumin-creatinine ratio (LNACR) decreased significantly from 1.60 ± 0.65 to 1.51 ± 0.67. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the LNACR at the initiation of treatment, change in (Δ) diastolic blood pressure, and Δ hemoglobin A1c were independently correlated with ΔLNACR (P < 0.001). The decrease in the LNACR was significantly smaller in the patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [mL/(min ·1.73 m2)] of <60 (P < 0.05). The eGFR decreased from 77.4 ± 22.3 to 72.7 ± 22.5 mL/(min ·1.73 m2) (P < 0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the LNACR at the initiation of treatment, Δbody weight at the previous survey, ΔeGFR at the previous survey, and the eGFR at the initiation of treatment correlated independently with ΔeGFR during the maintenance period (P < 0.001). Greater changes in the eGFR during the maintenance period were observed in the patients with macroalbuminuria or eGFR of <60 (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The study confirmed that the long-term use of six types of SGLT2i improved the albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), although the eGFR gradually decreased during the treatment. The change in the ACR was significantly smaller in the patients with eGFR of <60 mL/(min ·1.73 m2) than in those with eGFR of >60 mL/(min ·1.73 m2). However, this was a retrospective observational study; further studies are needed to formulate final conclusions.

Relation between Blood Pressure Management and Renal Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

AIM: The renoprotective effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors is thought to be due, at least in part, to a decrease in blood pressure. The aim of this study was to determine the renal effects of these inhibitors in low blood pressure patients and the dependence of such effect on blood pressure management status. METHODS: The subjects of this retrospective study were 740 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease who had been managed at the clinical facilities of the Kanagawa Physicians Association. Data on blood pressure management status and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio were analyzed before and after treatment. RESULTS: Changes in the logarithmic value of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in 327 patients with blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg at the initiation of treatment and in 413 patients with BP above 130/80 mmHg were -0.13 ± 1.05 and -0.24 ± 0.97, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups by analysis of covariance models after adjustment of the logarithmic value of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio at initiation of treatment. Changes in the logarithmic value of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in patients with mean blood pressure of <102 mmHg (n = 537) and those with ≥102 mmHg (n = 203) at the time of the survey were -0.25 ± 1.02 and -0.03 ± 0.97, respectively, and the difference was significant in analysis of covariance models even after adjustment for the logarithmic value of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio at initiation of treatment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed that blood pressure management status after treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors influences the extent of change in urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. Stricter blood pressure management is needed to allow the renoprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.

Retrospective analysis of effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the renal effects of the glucose-lowering SGLT2 inhibitors in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease. METHODS: The Kanagawa Physicians Association maintains a registry of patients who visit their 31 clinics. Clinical data of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease, who were prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors in addition to other treatments, were collected and analysed. RESULTS: SGLT2i was associated with a fall in HbA1c from 64.1 ± 16.7 mmol/mol (8.0 ± 1.5%) to 56.5 ± 12.9 mmol/mol (7.3 ± 1.2%) ( p < 0.01) in 869 analysed cases, a decrease in urine albumin-creatinine ratio from a median of 47.1 to 41.1 mg/gCr, and decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate from 77.7 ± 23.9 to 75.0 ± 23.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 ( p < 0.01). The effect on albumin-creatinine ratio was independent of age or stage of estimated glomerular filtration; however, there was a significant negative correlation between albumin-creatinine ratio at the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitor and change in ACR. Multiple linear regression analysis identified use of empagliflozin, ß-blockers, and sulphonylureas, Δsystolic blood pressure at office, serum Cr and albumin-creatinine ratio value at initiation of SGLT2 inhibitor as independent and significant determinants of change in ACR. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that the beneficial renal effects of SGLT2 inhibitor in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease, similar to those reported in large-scale clinical trials conducted in Western countries.

Renal effects of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with home blood pressure monitoring.

Decrease in blood pressure contributes to the reno-protective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; however, its relationship with home monitoring of blood pressure is unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 101 visiting members of the Kanagawa Physicians Association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease who were taking sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and who monitored blood pressure at home for a median treatment period of 14 months. At baseline, the mean value of HbA1c was 59.3 mmol/mol (7.6%) and the median value of albumin-creatinine ratio was 30.9 mg/gCr that was evaluated in 88 patients. The mean blood pressure both at office and home significantly decreased, and there was a significant positive correlation between the change in albumin-creatinine ratio and both blood pressures. Controlled hypertension, masked hypertension, white coat hypertension, and sustained hypertension were observed in 10.9%, 13.9%, 12.9%, and 62.4% of patients at the initiation of therapy, which changed to 10.9%, 16.8%, 17.8%, and 54.5% at the time of the survey, respectively. In conclusion, management of blood pressure both at office and home was found to be important for the reno-protective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors along with strict blood pressure management.