Trends in the management of waste tyres and recent experimental approaches in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from rubber crumbs.

The health and environmental consciousness of waste tires has increased tremendously over the years. This has motivated efforts to develop secondary applications that will utilize tire when they reach the end of their life cycle and limit their disposal in landfills. Among the applications of waste tires which are discussed in this review, the use of rubber crumbs in artificial turf fields has gained worldwide attention and is increasing annually. However, there are serious concerns regarding chemicals that are used in the manufacturing process of tires, which ultimately end up in rubber crumbs. Chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals which are found in rubber crumbs have been identified as harmful to human health and the environment. This review paper is intended to highlight some of the methods which have been used to manage waste tire; it also looks at chemicals/materials used in tire compounding which are identified as possible carcinogenic.

Bio-based products from xylan: A review.

Obtaining chemicals and materials in sustainable ways is of growing importance. A potential source of sustainable chemicals and materials is lignocellulosic biomass residues generated as waste from agriculture. Hemicellulose which is a large component in lignocellulosic biomass residues, provides many potential applications such as the generation of chemicals, packaging materials, drug delivery and biomedical applications. This review deals with the various techniques which can be used for the extraction of hemicellulose from biomass residues, purification and some potential applications of the extracted hemicellulose. The methods that have been used to further produce chemicals from extracted hemicellulose as well as their applications are discussed.