ABSTRACT
The impact of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in eotaxin (SCYA11) gene promoter (-426C>T and -384A>G) and first exon (67G>A) and recently described hexanucleotide (GAAGGA)(n) 10.9 kb upstream on coronary atherosclerosis was investigated. Elective coronary angiography of 1050 consecutive subjects was performed. All patients were genotyped for the three SNPs. In a subset of the first 472 samples, the number of (GAAGGA)(n) repetitions was determined. For further evaluation, short and long variants were distinguished; the borderline corresponded with the median value of all alleles: ≤8 repetitions were considered as short sequence, ≥9 repetitions as long. Patients with bronchial asthma or insignificant atherosclerosis were excluded; the remaining group of 933 subjects was further investigated. Patients were grouped according to the form of CAD (ACS vs. stable angina) and the number of diseased vessels. The GG variant of 67 G>A polymorphism was associated with acute form of CAD compared to stable angina (p=0.0011, p(corr.)=0.013). The number of (GAAGGA)(n) repetitions in our set of patients ranged from 3 to 12. There were no subjects with 4 or 5 repetitions. The frequency of short repetition alleles increased with the number of affected vessels (1 vs. 3 diseased vessels: p=0.0043, p(corr)=0.034). In our study, the (GAAGGA)(n) hexanucleotide was associated with the severity of CAD. The 67 GG was associated with acute form of CAD. None of the two SNPs in eotaxin promoter had any relation to CAD. The number of (GAAGGA)(n) repetitions can thus be a novel genetic marker of the extent of CAD.
Subject(s)
Chemokine CCL11/genetics , Coronary Artery Disease/genetics , Coronary Artery Disease/pathology , Genetic Association Studies , Nucleotides/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics , Aged , Base Sequence , Blood Vessels/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Disease Progression , Female , Gene Frequency/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Molecular Sequence DataABSTRACT
Current diagnostic techniques are inefficient in distinguishing latent and low-risk forms of prostate cancer from high-risk forms. The present study is focused on determination of putative tumor markers of aggressive high-grade forms of prostate cancer. Potential markers were determined in blood sera of 133 patients (82 cases and 51 controls) and in cell lines (Gleason score 9-derived 22Rv1 and normal tissue derived PNT1A) on mRNA and protein levels. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), metallothionein classes 1A and 2A (MT1A and MT2A) were determined and compared to prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. On mRNA level, significantly increased expression of MT2A (2.4-fold), PSA (2.6-fold) and AMACR (8.4-fold) and insignificantly (1.9-fold) elevated MT1A in 22Rv1 compared to non-tumor PNT1A were determined. On protein level, significant enhancement of free PSA and total PSA in tumor cell line was evident. AMACR protein was 1.5-fold elevated in tumor line (below the level of significance). Contrary to mRNA, significantly (p = 0.01) reduced level of MT protein in tumor lines was determined. In the case of serum level, significantly enhanced MT level (4.5-fold) in patients' sera was found. No significant changes were observed in the case of AMACR. These findings indicate possible alternative role of MT to PSA prostate cancer marker. In addition, level of AMACR is distinctly higher in the Gleason score 9 in serum of patients and MT shows a descending trend in relation to Gleason score.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Metallothionein/genetics , Prostate-Specific Antigen/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Blotting, Western , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Male , Metallothionein/metabolism , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Prognosis , Prostate-Specific Antigen/metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Racemases and Epimerases/genetics , Racemases and Epimerases/metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Cancer of endometrium (CAE) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in industrialized nations. Increased resistin levels, an adipocytokine produced by adipose tissue and macrophages, have been considered as a risk factor in gastric, colon and breast cancer, recently. No studies associating resistin levels with endometrial cancer have been done so far. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the relationship between serum circulating resistin levels and resistin gene -420C>G (rs3219175) variant in endometrial cancer patients. 37 Caucasian female patients and 39 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Difference in resistin levels between age and BMI matched patients group (mean 24.2 ng/ml) and control subjects (mean 10.1 ng/ml) were statistically significant (p <001). We also determined single nucleotide polymorphism -420C>G (rs3219175) within resistin gene and no significant association between resistin levels and investigated polymorphism was found. Furthermore, no significant association between higher resistin levels and diabetes mellitus 2, body mass index, smoking or age have been observed within studied groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the relationship between serum resistin levels and endometrial cancer and our results show, that patients with endometrial cancer have significantly increased circulating levels of resistin compared to control subjects.
