Subject(s)
Bacillus subtilis/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , SOS Response, Genetics , Son of Sevenless Protein, Drosophila/chemistry , Amino Acid Sequence , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Models, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Data , Protein Structure, Secondary , Sequence Alignment , SolutionsABSTRACT
The tegument is a layer of proteins between the nucleocapsid and the envelope of herpesviruses. The functions of most tegument proteins are still poorly understood. In murine gammaherpesvirus 68, ORF52 is an abundant tegument protein of 135 residues that is required for the assembly and release of infectious virus particles. To help understand the molecular basis for the function of this protein, we have determined its crystal structure at 2.1 A resolution. The structure reveals a dimeric association of this protein. Interestingly, an N-terminal alpha-helix that assumes different conformation in the two monomers of the dimer mediates the formation of an asymmetrical tetramer and contains many highly conserved residues. Structural and sequence analyses suggest that this helix is more likely involved in interactions with other components of the tegument or nucleocapsid of the virus and that ORF52 functions as a symmetrical dimer. The asymmetrical tetramer of ORF52 may be a "latent" form of the protein, when it is not involved in virion assembly. The self-association of ORF52 has been confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments. Deletion of the N-terminal alpha-helix, as well as mutation of the conserved Arg(95) residue, abolished the function of ORF52. The results of the functional studies are fully consistent with the structural observations and indicate that the N-terminal alpha-helix is a crucial site of interaction for ORF52.
Subject(s)
Gammaherpesvirinae/metabolism , Open Reading Frames , Viral Proteins/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Amino Acid Substitution , Animals , Cell Line , Conserved Sequence , Crystallography, X-Ray , Dimerization , Escherichia coli/genetics , Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer , Gammaherpesvirinae/chemistry , Gammaherpesvirinae/genetics , Humans , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Kidney/cytology , Mice , Models, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Data , Plasmids , Precipitin Tests , Protein Conformation , Protein Structure, Secondary , Transfection , Viral Proteins/chemistry , Viral Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
In this chapter we describe the core Protein Production Platform of the Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium (NESG) and outline the strategies used for producing high-quality protein samples using Escherichia coli host vectors. The platform is centered on 6X-His affinity-tagged protein constructs, allowing for a similar purification procedure for most targets, and the implementation of high-throughput parallel methods. In most cases, these affinity-purified proteins are sufficiently homogeneous that a single subsequent gel filtration chromatography step is adequate to produce protein preparations that are greater than 98% pure. Using this platform, over 1000 different proteins have been cloned, expressed, and purified in tens of milligram quantities over the last 36-month period (see Summary Statistics for All Targets, ). Our experience using a hierarchical multiplex expression and purification strategy, also described in this chapter, has allowed us to achieve success in producing not only protein samples but also many three-dimensional structures. As of December 2004, the NESG Consortium has deposited over 145 new protein structures to the Protein Data Bank (PDB); about two-thirds of these protein samples were produced by the NESG Protein Production Facility described here. The methods described here have proven effective in producing quality samples of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. These improved robotic and?or parallel cloning, expression, protein production, and biophysical screening technologies will be of broad value to the structural biology, functional proteomics, and structural genomics communities.
