Evaluation of the United States Preventative Services Task Force Screening Guidelines for Breast Cancer in a Hispanic Underserved Population.

There are several major breast cancer guidelines that have been promoted by various health organizations. Arrowhead Regional Medical Center (ARMC) Family Health Centers adopted the current guideline by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), which recommends breast cancer screening with mammograms starting at age 50 for low-risk women. This study evaluates the effectiveness of this screening guideline in the selected Hispanic underserved population in San Bernardino, California (CA). This is a retrospective chart review study. Data were reviewed for any female with the confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer at the Family Health Centers between 2009 and 2018. The current study showed that 25% (40 of 160) of women diagnosed with breast cancer in this selected population were less than 50 years old. This finding suggests that high vigilance in breast cancer screening may be necessary in this population.

Thyroid function and 3,3'-diiodothyronine sulfate cross-reactive substance (compound W) in maternal hyperthyroidism with antithyroid treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To test whether the serial measurement of maternal levels of compound W, a 3,3'-diiodothyronine sulfate cross-reactive substance, can serve as a potential indicator of fetal thyroid function in pregnant women receiving antithyroid medication. METHODS: Compound W was measured repeatedly in serum of pregnant women with hyperthyroidism treated with antithyroid medication. Free thyroxine levels of mothers and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels of 1-day-old neonates were analyzed by local clinical or state laboratories. RESULTS: Use of minimal antithyroid medication impaired the progressive increase of compound W seen in euthyroid mothers during pregnancy. At term, depressed compound W levels in maternal serum were found in 7 of 22 pregnancies; in 1 case, maternal compound W was suppressed and newborn thyroid-stimulating hormone was elevated. Seven mothers with treated hyperthyroidism failed to show an increase in serum levels of compound W after midterm. CONCLUSION: Normal progression of maternal serum compound W may be an index of normal fetal thyroid development in mothers with hyperthyroidism treated with necessary antithyroid medication.

3'-monoiodothyronine sulfate and Triac sulfate are thyroid hormone metabolites in developing sheep.

We used novel 3'-monoiodothyronine sulfate (3'-T1S) and 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid sulfate (TriacS) RIAs to characterize sulfation pathways in fetal thyroid hormone metabolism. 3'-T1S and TriacS levels were measured in serum samples obtained from fetal (n = 21, 94-145 d gestational age), newborn (NB, n = 5), and adult sheep (AD, n = 5) as well as from fetuses after total thyroidectomy (Tx), or sham-operated twin fetuses controls, conducted at gestational age 110-113 d (n = 5). Peak levels (expressed as ng/dL) of both 3'-T1S and TriacS occurred at 130 d gestation. These levels in fetuses were higher than those in NB and AD. In Tx fetuses, there was a significant decrease in the mean serum level of 3'-T1S, but not TriacS. The decrease in 3'-T1S in Tx is similar to that observed for thyroxine sulfate (T4S) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine sulfate (rT3S), whereas TriacS levels were not altered in the hypothyroid state, similarly to 3,3',5-triiodothyronine sulfate (T3S). These data demonstrate that 3'-T1S and TriacS are normal thyroid hormone metabolites in ovine serum and that TriacS is likely derived from T3S or from the same precursor(s) as T3S.

Compound W, a 3,3'-diiodothyronine sulfate cross-reactive substance in serum from pregnant women--a potential marker for fetal thyroid function.

Compound W, a 3,3'-diiodothyronine sulfate (T2S) cross-reactive material in maternal serum, was found to be useful as a marker for fetal hypothyroidism. In the present report, we explored its biochemical properties and studied its concentrations in cord and in maternal serum obtained from various gestational periods and at term from different continents. Mean W concentrations, expressed as nmol/L T2S-equivalent, in maternal serum during gestation showed a moderate increase at 20-26 wk (1.57 nmol/L) and an accelerated increase to 34-40 wk (3.59 nmol/L). The mean serum level was relatively low in nonpregnant women (0.17 nmol/L). Compound W levels in cord and maternal serum at term were not significantly different among samples obtained from Taiwan compared with samples from the United States. The mean cord serum "corrected" (by hot acid digestion) concentrations of W were significantly higher than maternal serum concentrations at birth and were also higher in venous than in paired arterial samples, suggesting that the placenta may play a role in its production. We compared a total of 45 iodothyronine analogs by antibody, gel filtration, and HPLC chromatographic studies and found only one compound, N,N-dimethyl-T2S, that has close similarities to Compound W. Further studies are needed.