ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence and correlates of overweight and the risk of overweight in minority children attending urban school-based health centers remains poorly characterized. The purpose of our study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of overweight and at risk for overweight in low socioeconomic status minority children enrolled in East Harlem school-based health centers in New York City. DESIGN: A retrospective cross-sectional study during the period of September 2002 to August 2003. SETTING: Four Pediatric School-based Health Centers in East Harlem. PARTICIPANTS: Children and adolescents, aged 5 to 18 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We examined presence of overweight or the risk of overweight based on body mass index (BMI) percentile and other clinical characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between demographics and clinical characteristics with overweight and the risk of overweight. RESULTS: Of the 491 children enrolled, 45.8% were either overweight or at risk for overweight, with the highest risk observed in Hispanic/Latino children. This latter relation remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and birthweight status. In addition, high screening office blood pressure was related to overweight status and higher BMI percentile. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of minorities, especially Hispanic/Latino children, attending school-based health centers in an urban community sample, are overweight or at risk for overweight. Elevated screening blood pressure was also a common co-morbidity. Further research should determine the predictors and correlates of overweight, and effective targeted school-based interventions should be tested in this high-risk population.
Subject(s)
Overweight/ethnology , Overweight/epidemiology , Schools , Adolescent , Black or African American , Body Mass Index , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hispanic or Latino , Humans , Male , New York City/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Social ClassABSTRACT
A large proportion of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are adolescents. Unfortunately, there is no uniform policy on minors' rights to consent to HIV testing and treatment. The process of obtaining consent is complex and depends on several factors, including individual state HIV laws and laws relating to a minor's capacity to consent to general health care. These issues are particularly relevant given the growth of HIV in this population. In this review, the complex laws of informed consent and confidentiality surrounding HIV disease in adolescents are reviewed. Familiarity with these laws by the clinician is essential to halting the HIV epidemic in adolescents and will be underscored.
