The Effects of the Connecting all Generations Through the Gerontech (CARETech) Program on Motivating Young People to Enter the Elderly Care Sector.

PURPOSE: This study aims to organize an intergenerational program to provide unemployed young people with operational skills related to gerontechnology and the experience required to deliver digital outreach rehabilitation services to community-dwelling older people. METHODS: A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The young participants received a 12-session training program on the management of common chronic diseases, communication with older people, the functions and use of interactive games, and techniques to teach and match interactive games with older people. The perception of elderly outcomes (i.e., knowledge and attitude toward elderly care, willingness to care for the elderly), personal outcomes (i.e., life satisfaction, self-efficacy), and desired vocational outcomes (i.e., hours worked in the nongovernmental organization's center, hours spent with older people) were evaluated preprogram and postprogram. RESULTS: Fifty-one young people joined the program. A statistically significant improvement was seen from preprogram to postprogram in their willingness to care for the elderly (p = .016) and life satisfaction (p = .005), as well as in the number of hours that they spent in the community center volunteering or engaged in social services for older people. DISCUSSION: The findings proved that the program could improve the willingness of young people to care for older people, as well as improve their own life satisfaction. Using gerontechnology can serve to bridge the intergenerational gap and bring benefits to both young adults and older people. It may provide policy makers with a way to address the manpower shortage in elderly care services and help frail older people to age in place.

Morphology and Alignment Transition of Hexabenzocoronene (HBC) Mesogen Films by Bar Coating: Effect of Coating Speed.

Films of the discotic liquid crystalline hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivative, HBC-1,3,5-Ph-C12, were prepared on the quartz substrate by the bar-coating method. Depending on the coating speed, regularly spaced stripes or continuous films were observed. In the former case, columns of the HBC derivatives align more along the stripes, which are perpendicular to the coating direction, whereas in the latter case, columns of the HBC derivatives in the film align more along the coating direction. These distinctive structures are confirmed via polarized optical microscopy (POM), polarized UV-vis spectroscopy, and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering measurements.

Prognostic value of fully-automated left atrial strain in patients with asymptomatic chronic severe aortic regurgitation.

BACKGROUND: To examine whether left atrial (LA) strain was associated with adverse outcomes in asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation (AR). METHODS: Asymptomatic patients with ≥moderate-severe AR were retrospectively identified from 2008 through 2022 from a university hospital. Apical 4-chamber left ventricular longitudinal strain (A4C-LVLS), LA reservoir (LASr), conduit (LAScd), and contractile strain (LASct) were measured using fully-automated software. Primary endpoint was all-cause death (ACD); secondary endpoints were heart failure (HF) development or aortic valve surgery (AVS). RESULTS: Of 352 patients (59 ± 17 years; 19 % female), the mean LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was 60 ± 8 %. The median follow-up during medical surveillance was 4.7 (interquartile range: 1.8-9.0) years; during which 68 patients died. Multivariable analysis adjusted for covariates showed that larger maximal LA volume index (iLAVmax), lower LASr and LASct were independently associated with ACD (all P ≤ 0.047); A4C-LVLS and LAScd were not (P ≥ 0.15). Besides, iLAVmax, LASr, and LASct provided incremental prognostic value over A4C-LVLS in terms of ACD (all P ≤ 0.048). HF symptoms occurred in 126 patients at a median of 2 years. Multivariable determinants for HF development included larger minimal LAV index, lower LASr and LASct (all P ≤ 0.03). Adjusted spline curves showed LASr <38-40 % and LASct <20-24 % were associated with increased risks of ACD and HF development, respectively. Using abovementioned LASr and LASct cutoffs, adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves risk-stratified patients for ACD successfully (P ≤ 0.02). Lower LASr was also independently associated with AVS (Hazard ratio per 1 % increase: 0.98)(P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with asymptomatic AR, fully-automated LASr and LASct were robust markers for outcome determination; these markers may identify those who need timely surgical referral.

Large language model application in emergency medicine and critical care.

In the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the large language models (LLMs), like OpenAI's Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), has shown transformative potential in emergency medicine and critical care. This review article highlights the advancement and applications of ChatGPT, from diagnostic assistance to clinical documentation and patient communication, demonstrating its ability to perform comparably to human professionals in medical examinations. ChatGPT could assist clinical decision-making and medication selection in critical care, showcasing its potential to optimize patient care management. However, integrating LLMs into healthcare raises legal, ethical, and privacy concerns, including data protection and the necessity for informed consent. Finally, we addressed the challenges related to the accuracy of LLMs, such as the risk of providing incorrect medical advice. These concerns underscore the importance of ongoing research and regulation to ensure their ethical and practical use in healthcare.

Versatile Method for Preparing Two-Dimensional Metal Dihalides.

Ever since the ground-breaking isolation of graphene, numerous two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged with 2D metal dihalides gaining significant attention due to their intriguing electrical and magnetic properties. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach via anhydrous solvent-induced recrystallization of bulk powders to obtain crystals of metal dihalides (MX2, with M = Cu, Ni, Co and X = Br, Cl, I), which can be exfoliated to 2D flakes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method using CuBr2 as an example, which forms large layered crystals. We investigate the structural properties of both the bulk and 2D CuBr2 using X-ray diffraction, along with Raman scattering and optical spectroscopy, revealing its quasi-1D chain structure, which translates to distinct emission and scattering characteristics. Furthermore, microultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and electronic transport reveal the electronic properties of CuBr2 flakes, including their valence band structure. We extend our methodology to other metal halides and assess the stability of the metal halide flakes in controlled environments. We show that optical contrast can be used to characterize the flake thicknesses for these materials. Our findings demonstrate the versatility and potential applications of the proposed methodology for preparing and studying 2D metal halide flakes.

Perihippocampal failure after hippocampal-avoidance brain radiotherapy in small cell lung cancer patients: Cases report and literature review.

RATIONALE: Brain metastasis is a major concern, and may occur in roughly 50% of patients during the clinical course of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Because prophylactic cranial irradiation reduces the incidence of brain metastases and improves overall survival, prophylactic cranial irradiation is recommended for SCLC patients without distant metastases or an extensive stage and have responded well to systemic therapy. Hippocampal-avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) is preferred to preserve hippocampal function while minimizing negative cognitive effects. PATIENT CONCERNS: Reducing the dose delivered to the hippocampus below the therapeutic brain dose may increase the risk of hippocampal progression; thus, HA-WBRT may be associated with a risk of perihippocampal recurrence. DIAGNOSIS: Three patients with SCLC received HA-WBRT and developed intracranial failure during clinical follow-up; 3 relapsed with intracranial failure in the perihippocampal region after 12, 13, and 7 months, respectively. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOMES: Compared to the therapeutic brain dose of cases and the underdose region around the HA region, we matched MRI scans of intracranial failure and previous planning scans of simulation and found a deviation of the underdosed region within the perihippocampal failure of approximately 55% to 63%. LESSONS: Perihippocampal failure is a rare clinical outcome in SCLC patients following HA-WBRT. Perihippocampal failure could be caused by an underdose of radiation or by the aggressiveness of the cancer itself. More research into this topic is encouraged.

Minimizing Contact Resistance and Flicker Noise in Micro Graphene Hall Sensors Using Persistent Carbene Modified Gold Electrodes.

Scalable micro graphene Hall sensors (µGHSs) hold tremendous potential for highly sensitive and label-free biomagnetic sensing in physiological solutions. To enhance the performance of these devices, it is crucial to optimize frequency-dependent flicker noise to reduce the limit of detection (LOD), but it remains a great challenge due to the large contact resistance at the graphene-metal contact. Here we present a surface modification strategy employing persistent carbene on gold electrodes to reduce the contact resistivity by a factor of 25, greatly diminishing µGHS flicker noise by a factor of 1000 to 3.13 × 10-14 V2/Hz while simultaneously lowering the magnetic LOD SB1/2 to 1440 nT/Hz1/2 at 1 kHz under a 100 µA bias current. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the lowest SB1/2 reported for scalable µGHSs fabricated through wafer-scale photolithography. The reduction in contact noise is attributed to the π-π stacking interaction between the graphene and the benzene rings of persistent carbene, as well as the decrease in the work function of gold as confirmed by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. By incorporating a microcoil into the µGHS, we have demonstrated the real-time detection of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SNPs), achieving a remarkable LOD of ∼528 µg/L. This advancement holds great potential for the label-free detection of magnetic biomarkers, e.g., ferritin, for the early diagnosis of diseases associated with iron overload, such as hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC).

A clinicopathological study of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours using the World Health Organization 2022 classification.

Background: The 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of pituitary neuroendocrine tumour (PitNET) supersedes the previous one in 2017 and further consolidates the role of transcription factors (TF) in the diagnosis of PitNET. Here, we investigated the clinical utility of the 2022 WHO classification, as compared to that of 2017, in a cohort of patients with non-functioning PitNET (NF-PitNET). Methods: A total of 113 NF-PitNET patients who underwent resection between 2010 and 2021, and had follow-up at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, were recruited. Surgical specimens were re-stained for the three TF: steroidogenic factor (SF-1), T-box family member TBX19 (TPIT) and POU class 1 homeobox 1 (Pit-1). The associations of different NF-PitNET subtypes with tumour-related outcomes were evaluated by logistic and Cox regression analyses. Results: Based on the 2022 WHO classification, the majority of NF-PitNET was SF-1-lineage tumours (58.4%), followed by TPIT-lineage tumours (18.6%), tumours with no distinct lineage (16.8%) and Pit-1-lineage tumours (6.2%). Despite fewer entities than the 2017 classification, significant differences in disease-free survival were present amongst these four subtypes (Log-rank test p=0.003), specifically between SF-1-lineage PitNET and PitNET without distinct lineage (Log-rank test p<0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the subtype of PitNET without distinct lineage (HR 3.02, 95% CI 1.28-7.16, p=0.012), together with tumour volume (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, p=0.017), were independent predictors of a composite of residual or recurrent disease. Conclusion: The 2022 WHO classification of PitNET is a clinically useful TF and lineage-based system for subtyping NF-PitNET with different tumour behaviour and prognosis.

Perceived organizational support and its impact on employee's intention to stay: Dataset from the electronics industry in Vietnam.

This dataset investigates the complex interactions between perceived organizational support (POS) and Employee's intention to stay (ITS) in Vietnam's electronics industry, emphasizing the subtleties of job satisfaction (JS) and work-life balance (WLB) against a backdrop of socialist economic principles. The analysis is underpinned by a structured questionnaire distributed among employees across various corporations, including prominent entities like Samsung, Foxconn, and Luxshare, in Vietnam's northern industrial zones. A total of 604 legitimate responses were amassed via a convenience sampling strategy. After meticulous collation and organization, the dataset was subjected to Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to elucidate the symbiotic relationships among POS, JS, WLB, and ITS. The outcomes obtained from this dataset show the relationship between POS, JS and WLB had a positive and significant impact on ITS. This dataset can offer valuable insights to countries with similar characteristics to Vietnam.

Distinct roles of SOX9 in self-renewal of progenitors and mesenchymal transition of the endothelium.

Regenerative capabilities of the endothelium rely on vessel-resident progenitors termed endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs). This study aimed to investigate if these progenitors are impacted by conditions (i.e., obesity or atherosclerosis) characterized by increased serum levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a known inducer of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT). Our investigation focused on understanding the effects of EndMT on the self-renewal capabilities of progenitors and the associated molecular alterations. In the presence of oxLDL, ECFCs displayed classical features of EndMT, through reduced endothelial gene and protein expression, function as well as increased mesenchymal genes, contractility, and motility. Additionally, ECFCs displayed a dramatic loss in self-renewal capacity in the presence of oxLDL. RNA-sequencing analysis of ECFCs exposed to oxLDL validated gene expression changes suggesting EndMT and identified SOX9 as one of the highly differentially expressed genes. ATAC sequencing analysis identified SOX9 binding sites associated with regions of dynamic chromosome accessibility resulting from oxLDL exposure, further pointing to its importance. EndMT phenotype and gene expression changes induced by oxLDL in vitro or high fat diet (HFD) in vivo were reversed by the silencing of SOX9 in ECFCs or the endothelial-specific conditional knockout of Sox9 in murine models. Overall, our findings support that EndMT affects vessel-resident endothelial progenitor's self-renewal. SOX9 activation is an early transcriptional event that drives the mesenchymal transition of endothelial progenitor cells. The identification of the molecular network driving EndMT in vessel-resident endothelial progenitors presents a new avenue in understanding and preventing a range of condition where this process is involved.

The role of adjuvant radiotherapy for intracranial malignant meningiomas: analysis of a nationwide database.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of postoperative radiotherapy on survival outcomes in patients with malignant meningiomas. METHODS: We identified patients with malignant meningioma diagnosed between 2007 and 2018 using the Taiwan Cancer Registry and followed them up using the death registry. Survival was compared between patients with and without adjuvant radiotherapy. The potential confounding factors evaluated in this study included age, sex, comorbidities, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). RESULTS: The analysis included 204 patients; 94 (46%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. The two groups had similar sex distributions (p = 0.53), mean age (p = 0.33), histologic subtype (p = 0.13), and CCI (p = 0.62). The prognosis of malignant meningioma was poor, with a median overall survival (OS) of 2.4 years. The median OS was 3.0 years (interquartile range (IQR) [1.4-6.1], and 2.0 years (IQR [0.5-3.9]) in the radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy groups, respectively (p = 0.001). However, Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank test showed no significant difference in OS between the two groups (p = 0.999). Controlling for age group, sex, histologic subtype, treatment, comorbidities, and CCI, adjuvant radiotherapy did not impart a survival benefit (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6‒1.26); however, only factor of higher comorbidity score (HR = 2.03, 95%CI: 1.04‒3.94) was associated with unfavorable survival. CONCLUSION: This population-based retrospective analysis suggests that the role of radiotherapy remains unclear and underscores the need for randomized clinical trials to assess the usefulness of adjuvant radiotherapy in malignant meningioma.

Sex-Specific Left Ventricular and Aorta Size Cut-Off Values for Hemodynamically Significant Chronic Aortic Regurgitation　- Implications for Treatment in Asian Populations.

BACKGROUND: There are no sex-specific guidelines for chronic aortic regurgitation (AR). This retrospective study examined sex-specific differences and propose treatment criteria from an Asian AR cohort.Methods and Results: Consecutive 1,305 patients with moderate-severe AR or greater at 3 tertiary centers in Taiwan and Japan (2008-2022) were identified. Study endpoints were aortic valve surgery (AVS), all-cause death (ACD), and cardiovascular death (CVD). The median follow up was 3.9 years (interquartile range 1.3-7.1 years). Compared with men (n=968), women (n=337) were older, had more advanced symptoms, more comorbidities, larger indexed aorta size (iAortamax) and indexed left ventricular (LV) end-systolic dimension (LVESDi; P<0.001 for all). Symptomatic status was poorly correlated with the degree of LV remodeling in women (P≥0.18). Women received fewer AVS (P≤0.001) and men had better overall 10-year survival (P<0.01). Ten-year post-AVS survival (P=0.9) and the progression of LV remodeling were similar between sexes (P≥0.16). Multivariable determinants of ACD and CVD were age, advanced symptoms, iAortamax, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LVESDi, LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVi), and Taiwanese ethnicity (all P<0.05), but not female sex (P≥0.05). AVS was associated with better survival (P<0.01). Adjusted LVEF, LVESDi, LVESVi, and iAortamaxcut-off values for ACD were 53%, 24.8 mm/m2, 44 mL/m2, and 25.5 mm/m2, respectively, in women and 52%, 23.4 mm/m2, 52 mL/m2, and 23.2 mm/m2, respectively, in men. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection and intervention using sex-specific cut-off values may improve survival in women with AR.

Lithium-Ion Dynamic and Storage of Atomically Precise Halogenated Nanographene Assemblies via Bottom-Up Chemical Synthesis.

Graphene has received much scientific attention as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its extraordinary physical and electrical properties. However, the lack of structural control and restacking issues have hindered its application as carbon-based anode materials for next generation lithium-ion batteries. To improve its performance, several modification approaches such as edge-functionalization and electron-donating/withdrawing substitution have been considered as promising strategies. In addition, group 7A elements have been recognized as critical elements due to their electronegativity and electron-withdrawing character, which are able to further improve the electronic and structural properties of materials. Herein, we elucidated the chemistry of nanographenes with edge-substituted group 7A elements as lithium-ion battery anodes. The halogenated nanographenes were synthesized via bottom-up organic synthesis to ensure the structural control. Our study reveals that the presence of halogens on the edge of nanographenes not only tunes the structural and electronic properties but also impacts the material stability, reactivity, and Li+ storage capability. Further systematic spectroscopic studies indicate that the charge polarization caused by halogen atoms could regulate the Li+ transport, charge transfer energy, and charge storage behavior in nanographenes. Overall, this study provides a new molecular design for nanographene anodes aiming for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.

Maternal asthma and asthma exacerbation during pregnancy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a population-based cohort study.

The link between inflammatory disorders, such as asthma, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is attracting increasing attention but few studies have examined cross-generational associations. We sought to examine associations of maternal asthma and asthma exacerbation during pregnancy, as well as paternal asthma, with the risk of ADHD in children. This population-based cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2004 to 2017. Cox regression models compared the risk of ADHD in children of parents with and without asthma, adjusting for parental sociodemographic, physical, and mental health conditions, as well as the child's birth weight, and number of births. A sibling control approach was employed to compensate for unmeasured confounders of asthma exacerbation during pregnancy. In the fully adjusted models, maternal and paternal asthma were both significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.36 (1.31-1.40) and 1.10 (1.05-1.14), respectively. Acute asthma exacerbation during pregnancy was not associated with the risk of further offspring ADHD (adjusted HR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.75-1.34). Both maternal and paternal asthma are associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring. The risk was higher from maternal asthma. However, no such association was found with maternal asthma exacerbation during pregnancy of sibling comparison.

Prognostic value of left ventricular and left atrial strain imaging in moderate to severe aortic stenosis: Insights from an Asian population.

BACKGROUND: Data regarding the prognostic value of left atrial (LA) strain in aortic stenosis (AS) is scarce, especially in Asian population and moderate AS. METHOD: Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), LA reservoir strain (LASr), conduit strain (LAScd), and contractile strain (LASct) were measured using automated speckle-tracking echocardiography in consecutive patients with moderate or severe AS. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death (ACD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; myocardial infarction, syncope, and heart failure hospitalization). RESULTS: Of 712 patients (mean age, 78 ± 12 years; 370 [52%] moderate AS; 342 [48%] severe AS), average LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was 68 with SD of 12%. At a median follow-up of 18 months (interquartile range, 11-26 months), the primary endpoint occurred in 93 patients (60 deaths and 35 MACEs) and 221 patients underwent surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (AVR). In the entire cohort, separate multivariable models adjusted for age, Charlson index, symptomatic status, time-dependent AVR, AS-severity, LA volume index and LVEF demonstrated that only LASr was associated with MACE+ACD (Hazard ratio, 0.97; P = 0.014). Subgroup analysis for MACE+ACD demonstrated consistent prognostication for LASr in moderate and severe AS; LVGLS was prognostic only in severe AS (all P ≤ 0.023). The optimal MACE+ACD cutoff for LASr from spline curves was 21.3%. Adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated better event-free survival in patients with LASr >21.3% versus those with LASr ≤21.3% (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In both moderate and severe AS, only LASr robustly predicted outcomes; thus, including LASr in the AS staging algorithm should be considered.

In vivo SPECT imaging of Tc-99m radiolabeled exosomes from human umbilical-cord derived mesenchymal stem cells in small animals.

Extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC-EVs) have been postulated to have therapeutic potential for various diseases. However, the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of these vesicles are still unclear. For a better understanding of the in vivo properties of UCMSC-EVs, in the present study, these vesicles were first radiolabeled with Technetium-99m (99mTc-UCMSC-EVs) and evaluated using in vivo single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and biodistribution experiments. SPECT images demonstrated that the liver and spleen tissues mainly took up the 99mTc-UCMSC-EVs. The biodistribution study observed slight uptake in the thyroid and stomach, indicating that 99mTc-UCMSC-EVs was stable at 24 h in vivo. The pharmacokinetic analyses of the blood half-life demonstrated the quick distribution phase (0.85 ± 0.28 min) and elimination phase (25.22 ± 20.76 min) in mice. This study provides a convenient and efficient method for 99mTc-UCMSC-EVs preparation without disturbing their properties. In conclusion, the biodistribution, quick elimination, and suitable stability in vivo of 99mTc-UCMSC-EVs were quantified by the noninvasive imaging and pharmacokinetic analyses, which provides useful information for indication selection, dosage protocol design, and toxicity assessment in future applications.

Enhanced biosensing of tumor necrosis factor-alpha based on aptamer-functionalized surface plasmon resonance substrate and Goos-Hänchen shift.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) serves as a crucial biomarker in various diseases, necessitating sensitive detection methodologies. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing an aptamer-functionalized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) substrate together with an ultrasensitive measure, the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift, to achieve sensitive detection of TNF-α. The developed GH-aptasensing platform has shown a commendable figure-of-merit of 1.5 × 104 µm per RIU, showcasing a maximum detectable lateral position shift of 184.7 ± 1.2 µm, as characterized by the glycerol measurement. Employing aptamers as the recognition unit, the system exhibits remarkable biomolecule detection capabilities, including the experimentally obtained detection limit of 1 aM for the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA), spanning wide dynamic ranges. Furthermore, the system successfully detects TNF-α, a small cytokine, with an experimental detection limit of 1 fM, comparable to conventional SPR immunoassays. This achievement represents one of the lowest experimentally derived detection limits for cytokines in aptamer-based SPR sensing. Additionally, the application of the GH shift marks a ground breaking advancement in aptamer-based biosensing, holding significant promise for pushing detection limits further, especially for small cytokine targets.

Molecular Hydrogen as a Promising Therapy Could Be Linked With Increased Resting Treg Cells or Decreased Fas+ T Cell Subsets in a IgG4-PF-ILD Patient: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) refers to a group of chronic lung conditions commonly associated with immunoglobulin G4-related disorders. It is characterized by progressive scarring (fibrosis) within the pulmonary interstitium, resulting in respiratory failure and early mortality. Some patients do not respond to standard therapeutic interventions. Numerous studies have confirmed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of molecular hydrogen in various disease models. CASE REPORT: In this report, we present a case study of an 85-year-old female diagnosed with suspected IgG4-related PF-ILD complicated by hospital-acquired pneumonia. On the fourth day of hydrogen-assisted therapy, a noticeable improvement in lung infiltrations was observed in chest X-rays as the patient gradually progressed towards weaning off mechanical ventilation. To assess treatment responses, we compared immune phenotypes before and after hydrogen treatment. A marked increase was observed in resting regulatory T cell levels after treatment, accompanied by a notable decrease in Fas+ helper T cell and cytotoxic T cell subtypes. CONCLUSION: This case study highlights the effectiveness of hydrogen-assisted therapy in managing PF-ILD complicated by pneumonia, warranting further research in the future.

Short-Wavelength Infrared Imaging of Infected and Affected Dentin.

Stains produced by bacteria or those found in blood and food byproducts accumulate in highly porous caries lesions. They can interfere with accurate diagnosis and the selective removal of carious tissue during cavity preparations. Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) imaging studies have shown that stain molecules do not absorb light beyond 1200 nm. The objective of this study was to image affected and infected dentin atSWIR wavelengths. Sections of 3 mm thickness were cut from the extracted teeth with deep dentinal lesions. The sound (normal), affected (stained), and infected (demineralized) dentin on each section were examined with reflected light at wavelengths from 400 to 1700 nm, red and green fluorescence, and with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to measure the mineral density at each location investigated. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed in the reflected light intensity at 400-850 nm and for fluorescence between the sound, affected, and infected dentin. SWIR imaging did not show significant reductions in reflectivity for the affected and infected dentin. SWIR images may be valuable for monitoring the lateral spread of dentinal lesions on the occlusal surfaces of teeth.

Performance of Intra-arrest Echocardiography: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Intra-arrest transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) have been introduced in adult patients with cardiac arrest (CA). Whether the diagnostic performance of TTE or TEE is superior during resuscitation is unclear. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Methods: We searched databases from PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar and evaluated articles with intra-arrest TTE and TEE in adult patients with non-traumatic CA. Two authors independently screened and selected articles for inclusion; they then dual-extracted study characteristics and target conditions (pericardial effusion, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, hypovolemia, left ventricular dysfunction, and sonographic cardiac activity). We performed quality assessment using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Version 2 criteria. Results: A total of 27 studies were included: 14 studies with 2,145 patients assessed TTE; and 16 with 556 patients assessed TEE. A high risk of bias or applicability concerns in at least one domain was present in 20 studies (74%). Both TTE and TEE found positive findings in nearly one-half of the patients. The etiology of CA was identified in 13% (271/2,145), and intervention was performed in 38% (102/271) of patients in the TTE group. In patients who received TEE, the etiology was identified in 43% (239/556), and intervention was performed in 28% (68/239). In the TEE group, a higher incidence regarding the etiology of CA was observed, particularly for those with aortic dissection. However, the outcome of those with aortic dissection in the TEE group was poor. Conclusion: While TEE could identify more causes of CA than TTE, sonographic cardiac activity was reported much more in the TTE group. The impact of TTE and TEE on the return of spontaneous circulation and further survival was still inconclusive in the current dataset.