ABSTRACT
Fully synthetic human insulin (CGP 12'831) was compared to porcine insulin in identical and non-identical formula by intravenous insulin tolerance tests in 12 volunteers. The half-lives of the three insulins tested did not differ (t 1/2: 5.5 +/- 0.2 minutes), though acid porcine insulin exhibited lower serum peak values. The hypoglycemic effects of the three insulins were identical. Human insulin produced a significantly smaller decrease in serum potassium (2p less than 0.01). The secretion of serum C-peptide was less inhibited by human insulin (2p less than 0.05). The counter-regulatory hormonal response of cortisol and growth hormone was lower after hypoglycemia induced by human insulin (2p less than 0.05). It is suggested that the hormonal effects of hypoglycemia are modified by insulin and depend in part on the molecular structure of insulin.
Subject(s)
Hypoglycemia/drug therapy , Insulin/therapeutic use , Animals , Clinical Trials as Topic , Double-Blind Method , Humans , Insulin, Regular, Pork , Random Allocation , SwineABSTRACT
The chemistry and identity of fully synthetic human calcitonin are discussed briefly, with particular reference to the evolution of this hormone. The principal effects of the substance on bone demonstrable by clinicochemical means are illustrated by the results of clinicopharmacological studies in patients suffering from Paget's disease. The potential usefulness of calcitonin in the treatment of osteoporosis is exemplified by reference to the relations between sex hormones and calcitonin. The main differences in the acute effects of calcitonin on the kidney and electrolyte balance in healthy persons and patients with Paget's disease are analysed on the basis of data from comparative human pharmacological and clinicopharmacological studies.
Subject(s)
Calcitonin/therapeutic use , Osteitis Deformans/drug therapy , Alkaline Phosphatase/analysis , Calcitonin/chemical synthesis , Calcium/blood , Humans , Hydroxyproline/urine , Kidney/drug effects , Osteitis Deformans/metabolism , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Urea/bloodABSTRACT
Fully synthetic human insulin (CGP 12'831) was compared to porcine insulin in identical and non-identical formulation by intravenous insulin tolerance tests in 12 volunteers. The half-lives of the three insulins tested did not differ (t 1/2: 5.5 +/- 0.2 minutes), though acid porcine insulin exhibited lower serum peak values. The hypoglycemic effects of the three insulins were identical. Human insulin produced a significantly smaller decrease in serum potassium (2p less than 0.01). The secretion of serum C-peptide was less inhibited by human insulin (2p less than 0.05). The counter-regulatory hormonal response of cortisol and growth hormone was lower after hypoglycemia induced by human insulin (2p less than 0.05). It is suggested that the hormonal effects of hypoglycemia are modified by human insulin and depend in part on the molecular structure of insulin.
Subject(s)
Insulin/pharmacology , Adult , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , C-Peptide/blood , Half-Life , Hormones/pharmacology , Humans , Hydrocortisone/blood , Insulin, Regular, Pork , Kinetics , Male , Potassium/blood , SwineABSTRACT
The chemistry and physiology of calcitonin are reviewed with particular emphasis on the evolution of the hormone and its modern role in humans. It seems likely that the relative deficiency of calcitonin in women may be important in postmenopausal bone loss. A major therapeutic application of calcitonin is in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone, and current recommendations for therapy are presented.
