The comparison between human leukocyte antigen system incidence in patients with bladder cancer and normal controls.

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B5 in patients with bladder cancer compared with normal population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional study, from November 2009 until November 2010, 35 patients with pathologic diagnosis of bladder cancer who referred to urology clinic of Razi Hospital were studied. Also, 130 healthy transplant donation volunteers who referred for HLA-typing to Guilan Blood Transfusion Organization, were selected. Inclusion criterion was pathologic diagnosis of bladder cancer regardless of stage and grade of tumor. Exclusion criteria were presence of other urologic diseases. The information of these cases was extracted from medical records, collected and analyzed. RESULTS: HLA-B5 was positive in 34.3% of the patient group and in 39.2% of the controls. Statistical analysis showed no significant association between HLA-B5 and bladder cancer (P = .15). There were no significant differences between grade (P = .107) and relapse (P = .327)of bladder tumor with presence of HLA-B5. CONCLUSION: There was no significant association between HLA-B5 and bladder cancer. The grade and the relapse of tumor had no association with presence or absence of HLA-B5.

Distribution of renal histopathology in Guilan: a single-center report.

INTRODUCTION: Glomerulonephritis is the third most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Epidemiological data of kidney disease is population-based and has great geographic variability. The aim of this study was to assess the results of all kidney biopsies in a 5-year period in the Guilan province. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study of 336 kidney biopsies recorded in the Department of Nephrology in Razi Hospital of Rasht, capital city of Guilan province, from August 2001 to September 2006, data consisting of age, gender, indication of kidney biopsy, and histopathological diagnosis were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 336 kidney biopsies were reviewed (73.8% males; mean age, 40.12 ± 16.78 years). Nephritic syndrome (42.5%) and nephrotic syndrome (38.7%) were the most frequent indications of biopsy. Overall, pathologic examinations were indicative of glomerulonephritis in 272 (81.0%) biopsies and nonglomerular diseases in 64 (19.0%). The most common cause of secondary glomerulonephritis was lupus nephritis (82.6%). Focal and segmental glomerusclerosis (20.5%) was the most common pathologic diagnosis, followed by membranous glomerulonephritis (14.9%), minimal change disease (11.6%), tubulointerstitial nephritis (8.9%), and IgA nephropathy (3.6%). The most common pathologic finding among glomerular diseases was focal segmental glomerusclerosis (25.4%), while tubulointerstitial nephritis (46.9%) was the most common among nonglomerular diseases, followed by diffuse glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy indicative of end-stage renal disease (23.4%). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, FSGS was the most common pathologic finding in kidney biopsies, and the frequency of IgA nephropathy was much lower than that in other studies.

Concomitant Hodgkin's lymphoma and atopic dermatitis in a child with Celiac disease.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease associated with increased risk of several diseases including a variety of malignancies. This is the first report of the concomitance of atopic dermatitis and Hodgkin's lymphoma in a child with celiac disease. Here, we report an 11-year-old boy with chronic diarrhea, glossitis, chronic dermatitis, and megaloblastic anemia who later developed Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Carcinoid tumor of lung with Cushing's syndrome.

Carcinoid tumor of lung with Cushing's syndrome is a rare condition. We report a 38-year-old man, with a 28-month history of Cushing's syndrome presented with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, decreased libido, muscle weakness and fatigability, moon facies, buffalo hump, truncal obesity, cutaneous striae, and easy bruisability. Diagnosis was made by measurements of ACTH (149 pg/mL) and cortisol levels (36 microg/dL) and computerized tomography of the chest.

Role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis continues to be a common disease in Iran and one of its presentations is abdominal tuberculosis. Histopathological confirmation of abdominal tuberculosis is difficult because of suboptional, noninvasive access to the pathology. Laparoscopy provides minimally invasive access to the peritoneum. AIM: The aim is to evaluate the role and importance of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis (TP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on laparoscopy in Razi hospital of Rasht (in northern Iran) over a period of ten years showed that diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in 290 patients with abdominal pain, with or without ascites. Most cases revealed malignancy and we found 28 cases of abdominal tuberculosis. RESULTS: Macroscopic findings of TP were whitish granulations over both peritoneal layers, inflammatory adhesions on the visceral or parietal surface, thickening, hyperemia and retraction of the greater omentum and stalactic band which is characteristic of TP. Pathology confirmed TP in 28 cases and all patients had excellent response to medical therapy. CONCLUSION: Although other diagnostic methods of TP such as imaging, culture of ascitis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are used today, laparoscopy with tissue biopsy provided rapid and correct diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis.

Spontaneous rupture of the spleen: a case report and review of the literature.

Atraumatic rupture of the spleen is an uncommon but important clinical entity. The diagnosis is often missed due to the absence of any history of trauma. Various aspects of atraumatic rupture of the spleen including those of pathologic and spontaneous rupture have been reviewed. Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen is a very rare neoplasm with disastrous prognosis. Increased awareness of this condition would enhance early diagnosis and effective treatment.