[Value of intraoperative frozen section of sentinel lymph node in breast cancer. Retrospective study about 293 patients]. / Intérêt de l'examen extemporané du ganglion sentinelle dans le cancer du sein. Étude rétrospective sur 293 patientes.

OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative positive frozen section of sentinel axillary lymph node in breast cancer allows the full node dissection at the same time of the breast surgery and the enhancement of adjuvant therapies with no delay. The low frequency of node involvement and the high rate of false-negative, make consider the value of intraoperative frozen section. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential advantage of intraoperative frozen section performed routinely. METHODS: Retrospective monocentric study of 293 patients, operated on for stage pT1 or pT2 breast cancer with a sentinel node biopsy (SNB). RESULTS: A total of 289 patients had an intraoperative frozen section of the SNB. A sentinel node was identified in 98.6% of the cases. On intraoperative section, sentinel node was negative, positive or was not performed in 252 (86%), 37 (12.6%) and 4 (1.4%) cases respectively. In total, ibtraoperative frozen sections identified 48.7% of the metastatic SNB (37/76). The metastatic lymph node distribution, after final histological analysis, was as follows: 17% macro metastasis, 5.8% micro metastasis and 3% isolated tumor cells. The false-negatives rate was 13.5%. Fifty-eight patients (19.8%) underwent axillary full lymph node dissection: 39 during a primary surgery and 19 during a secondary one. Histological analysis of the lymph nodes was totally negative in 62% of cases. Intraoperative frozen sections benefited to 12.8% of the patients who had their full lymph node dissection at the same surgery. CONCLUSION: The intraoperative frozen section of SNB benefits to a limited number of patients, due to its high rate of false-negatives. Sensitivity of frozen sections could be lowered if the preoperative axillary ultrasound examination becomes a routine, which would question its value.

[Unilateral adrenal ischemia during third trimester of pregnancy: about two cases]. / Ischémie aiguë unilatérale de la glande surrénale en cours du 3e trimestre de grossess: à propos de deux cas.

Unilateral adrenal ischemia by venous thrombosis during pregnancy is an extremely rare event. We report the case of two women, in their third trimester who presented intense abdominal pain located on their right flank. Obstetric and clinical examination are normal, so as are the biological check-up and hepatic and renal imaging. The thoraco-abdominal CAT scan shows the right adrenal necrosis associated with the vein thrombosis. A C-section was decided to allow administration of appropriate treatment: analgesics and anticoagulants. Clinical evolution was rapidly favorable. Protein S deficiency was diagnosed in one of the patients. The follow-up CAT scan shows the vein re-permeabilisation and disappearing of necrosis signs.

Investigation of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma haplotype effect on meat quality and carcass traits in pigs.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a key transcription factor that controls adipocyte differentiation and fat deposition in mammals. The primary goal of this study was to investigate PPARG as a candidate gene for meat quality and carcass traits in swine. Part of the PPARG promoter, along with the most 5'-proximal exon of the gene, was amplified by PCR and subsequently screened for polymorphisms by sequencing. A Met59Val substitution was detected in the porcine PPARG gene along with four polymorphisms in the promoter region of the adipose-specific PPARG2. Three of these polymorphisms were chosen for genotyping and tested for association with meat quality, carcass and growth traits, according to the candidate gene approach. More than 1500 animals from different lines and populations were used in the study with records for meat quality and carcass traits. No convincing associations were found between the traits investigated and the PPARG genotypes. It does not appear that variation at the PPARG locus is affecting meat quality, carcass or growth traits in the pig populations studied.