Noninvasive intracranial pressure monitoring throughout brain compliance guiding a ventriculoperitoneal shunt replacement in hydrocephalus-case report.

INTRODUCTION: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is the primary therapy for hydrocephalus in children; however, this technique is amenable to malfunctions, which could be detected through an assessment of clinical signs and imaging results. Furthermore, early detection can prevent patient deterioration and guide clinical and surgical treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 5-year-old female with a premedical history of neonatal IVH, secondary hydrocephalus, multiple VP shunts revisions, and slit ventricle syndrome was evaluated using a noninvasive intracranial pressure monitor device at the early stages of the clinical symptoms, evidencing increased intracranial pressure and poor brain compliance. Serial MRI images demonstrated a slight ventricular enlargement, leading to the use of a gravitational VP shunt, promoting progressive improvement. On the follow-up visits, we used the noninvasive ICP monitoring device to guide the shunt adjustments until symptom resolution. Furthermore, the patient has been asymptomatic for the past 3 years without requiring new shunt revisions. DISCUSSION: Slit ventricle syndrome and VP shunt dysfunctions are challenging diagnoses for the neurosurgeon. The noninvasive intracranial monitoring has allowed a closer follow-up assisting early assessment of brain compliance changes related to a patient's symptomatology. Furthermore, this technique has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting alterations in the intracranial pressure, serving as a guide for the adjustments of programmable VP shunts, which may improve the patient's quality of life. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive ICP monitoring may lead to a less invasive assessment of patients with slit ventricle syndrome and could be used as a guide for adjustments of programmable shunts.

Spontaneous idiopathic spinal epidural hematoma: two different presentations of the same disease / Hematoma epidural espinhal espontâneo: duas diferentes apresentações da mesma doença / Hematoma epidural espinal espontáneo: dos diferentes presentaciones clínicas de la misma enfermedad

We report two cases of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma with different clinical presentations without precipitating factors and a brief review of the literature. Our case first developed acute and had progressive cervical spinal cord signs that determined emergency decompressive laminectomy. On the other hand, the second patient, who was chronic, was operated almost five months after the initial symptoms and the radiological diagnosis was a large facet cyst. Early surgical intervention is the chosen treatment for spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas. Spinal surgeons should bear in mind that spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas may have different clinical presentations according to their location in order to perform a differential diagnosis.

Os autores relatam dois casos de hematoma epidural espinhal espontâneo com diferentes apresentações clínicas e sua revisão da literatura. O primeiro paciente apresentava sinais e sintomas de compressão medular cervical, necessitando de laminectomia de urgência, enquanto no segundo paciente, que era crônico, havia sintomatologia de lombociatalgia por compressão nervosa de evolução de cinco meses e com diagnóstico radiológico de cisto facetário. A intervenção cirúrgica precoce é o tratamento de escolha para os hematomas epidurais espinhais espontâneos. Os hematomas epidurais espinhais espontâneos, conforme a localização na coluna vertebral, diferem na apresentação clínica e no manejo. Na região lombar, o diagnóstico diferencial deve ser feito com patologias degenerativas.

Fueron relatados dos casos de hematoma epidural espinal espontáneo con diferentes presentaciones clínicas sin factores precipitantes, y fue hecha una breve revisión de la literatura. Nuestro caso 1 tuvo un desarrollo agudo y mostró señales progresivas en la columna cervical que determinaron una laminectomía descompresiva de emergencia. Por otro lado, el segundo paciente, crónico, fue operado casi cinco meses después de los síntomas iniciales y el diagnóstico radiológico fue de un gran quiste sinovial. La intervención quirúrgica temprana es el tratamiento de elección para hematomas espontáneos epidurales espinales. El tratamiento quirúrgico representa la forma más común de terapia para todos los tipos de presentaciones clínicas. Debemos considerar que el tratamiento conservador (o no) sea más común en casos de presentación leve, principalmente en pacientes con hematoma espinal crónico. Para realizar un diagnóstico diferencial, los cirujanos deben recordar que los hematomas epidurales espinales espontáneos pueden tener distintas presentaciones clínicas según su ubicación.

Qual a relevância dos sinais e sintomas no prognóstico de pacientes com hérnia de disco lombar / What is the relevance of signs and symptoms in the prognosis of patients with lumbar disc herniation / Cuál la relevancia de los signos y síntomas en el pronóstico de pacientes con hernia de disco lumbar

A hérnia de disco lombar (HDL) é uma patologia prevalente na atualidade, que acarreta limitações físicas, psiquícas e sociais ao paciente. Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes são lombociatalgia, distúrbios motores e sensitivos e sinal de Lasègue. Nos pacientes com HDL refrátarios ao tratamento clínico, microdiscectomia é o procedimento padrão para a melhora dos sintomas. OBJETIVOS: estudar a relevância prognóstica dos sinais e sintomas nos pacientes com HDL refratários ao tratamento clínico. MÉTODOS: foram pesquisados, nas principais bases de dados biomédicas, os artigos que estudaram a percentagem de melhora e o valor prognóstico dos sinais e sintomas pré-operatórios dos pacientes com HDL. Os sinais e os sintomas avaliados foram dor lombar, dor na perna, distúrbios motores e sensitivos e sinal de Lasègue. CONCLUSÃO: o índice de sucesso da cirurgia dos pacientes com HDL refratários ao tratamento clínico correlaciona-se com a ausência de lombalgia, a presença de ciatalgia com tempo de evolução de até 6 meses, o déficit sensitivo presente de forma isolada ou associado ao déficit motor e a presença de sinal de Lasègue positivo no período pré-operatório.

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is currently a prevalent pathology which leads to physical, psychological and social limitations for the patient. The most frequent signs and symptoms are lumbocyatalgia, motor and sensitive disorders and Lasègue's sign. In patients with LDH refractory to medical treatment, discectomy is the standard procedure to improve the symptoms. OBJECTIVES: to study the prognostic relevance of signs and symptoms in patients with LDH refractory to medical treatment. METHODS: a survey was performed, in the main biomedical databases, for articles that studied the percentage of improvement and prognostic value of the preoperative signs and symptoms of patients with LDH. The signs and symptoms evaluated were lumbar pain, leg pain, motor and sensitive disorders and Lasègue's sign. CONCLUSION: the success rate in surgery of patients with LDH refractory to medical treatment is correlated with the absence of lumbalgia, the presence of cyatalgia over up to six months, the sensitive deficit present alone or associated with motor deficit and the presence of positive Lasègue's sign during the preoperative period.

La hernia de disco lumbar (HDL) es una patología prevalente en la actualidad, que implica limitaciones físicas, psíquicas y sociales al paciente. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes son la lumbociatalgia, los disturbios motores y sensitivos y el signo de Lasègue. En los pacientes con HDL refractarios al tratamiento clínico, la microdiscectomía es el procedimiento estándar para mejoría de los síntomas. OBJETIVOS: estudiar la relevancia del pronóstico de los signos y síntomas en los pacientes con HDL refractarios al tratamiento clínico. MÉTODOS: se realizó una investigación, en las principales bases de datos biomédicos, de los artículos que estudiaron el porcentaje de mejoría y el valor pronóstico de los signos y síntomas preoperatorios de los pacientes con HDL. Los signos y síntomas evaluados fueron el dolor lumbar, el dolor en la pierna, los disturbios motores y sensitivos y el signo de Lasègue. CONCLUSIÓN: el índice de éxito de la cirugía de los pacientes con HDL refractarios al tratamiento clínico se correlaciona con la ausencia de lumbalgia, la presencia de ciatalgia con tiempo de evolución de hasta seis meses, el déficit sensitivo presente de forma aislada o asociado al déficit motor y la presencia de signo de Lasègue positivo en el periodo preoperatorio.