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1.
Vet Pathol ; 47(6): 1076-81, 2010 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20826847

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by intracellular Leishmania protozoa that are transmitted by sandflies. The disease occurs in 3 forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Cutaneous leishmaniasis has been reported in cats in Europe and South America and in 1 cat from Texas. Leishmania mexicana is endemic in Texas and has been reported to cause cutaneous lesions in humans. This article describes the pathology of 8 biopsy cases of feline cutaneous leishmaniasis presented to the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory over a 3.5-year period. The median age of the cats was 3 years; each was presented with nodular, ulcerative lesions on the pinnae and less commonly on the muzzle and periorbital skin. Histologically, the lesions were nodular to diffuse histiocytic dermatitis with numerous amastigotes (2-4 µm) within macrophages and occasionally within the interstitium. Organisms were often contained within round, clear, intracellular vacuoles. In areas of necrosis, organisms were also free within the interstitium. The overlying epidermis was hyperkeratotic, hyperplastic, and often ulcerated. The organisms were not argyrophilic (Gomori methenamine silver), reacted poorly with periodic acid-Schiff reagent, and were inconsistently basophilic with Giemsa. Although not readily visible histologically, kinetoplasts were evident in amastigotes in cytologic preparations. The lesions were similar to those described for cutaneous L. mexicana infection in humans. In 5 of the 8 cats, Leishmania mexicana DNA was amplified from paraffin-embedded tissue by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/veterinary , Animals , Base Sequence , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/pathology , Cats , Female , Leishmania mexicana/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Alignment , Skin/parasitology , Skin/pathology , Texas/epidemiology
2.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol ; 39(4): 339-44, 2001.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11527226

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Clenbuterol is a long acting beta2-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of pulmonary disorders. Acute clenbuterol toxicity resembles that of other beta2-adrenergic agonists. Most previously reported cases of clenbuterol toxicity describe patients who ate livestock illicitly treated with clenbuterol. CASE REPORT: We report a case of human clenbuterol toxicity confirmed and correlated with qualitative and quantitative serum clenbuterol assays. This poisoned patient, a 28-year-old woman, developed sustained sinus tachycardia at 140/min, hypokalemia (2.4 mEq/L, 2.4 mmol/L), hypophosphatemia (0.9 mg/dL, 0.29 mmol/L), and hypomagnesemia (1.52 mg/dL, 0.76 mmol/L) after ingesting a reportedly small quantity of clenbuterol. The patient received repeated doses of metoprolol to treat her cardiovascular stimulation and potassium chloride to treat her hypokalemia. She remained symptomatic for more than 20 hours after the ingestion. Analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed a serum clenbuterol concentration of 2.93 mcg/L 3 hours after the ingestion and an undetectable serum concentration 20 hours after ingestion. It is noteworthy that at a serum concentration below the limit of detection by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, the patient remained symptomatic. Acute clenbuterol toxicity is rarely reported following illicit use in humans, and this is the first such case to provide confirmatory toxicological analysis.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Agonists/poisoning , Clenbuterol/poisoning , Food Contamination/analysis , Hypokalemia/chemically induced , Hypophosphatemia/chemically induced , Tachycardia, Sinus/chemically induced , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/analysis , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/blood , Adult , Clenbuterol/analysis , Clenbuterol/blood , Electrocardiography/drug effects , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Humans , Meat/poisoning , Tremor/chemically induced
3.
Pediatr Emerg Care ; 17(2): 113-4, 2001 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11334091

ABSTRACT

Vaginal laceration resulting from coitus is not uncommon and is well described. Perforation of the vagina during coitus is a very rare occurrence, and there is scant literature reporting it. This is a case of a 14-year-old female who suffered both laceration and perforation of the vagina as a result of her first coitus, which was consensual. The characteristics of vaginal laceration and perforation, presentation, treatment, complications, as well as predisposing factors, are discussed.


Subject(s)
Coitus , Lacerations/etiology , Vagina/injuries , Wounds, Penetrating/etiology , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Adolescent , Female , Hemorrhage/etiology , Hemorrhage/surgery , Humans , Lacerations/surgery , Male , Vagina/surgery , Vaginal Diseases/etiology , Vaginal Diseases/surgery , Wounds, Penetrating/diagnosis , Wounds, Penetrating/surgery
4.
Curr Opin Pediatr ; 13(2): 183-8, 2001 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11317063

ABSTRACT

The majority of all patients with poison exposures in the United States are children. The evaluation and management of poisoned patients may be aided by the use of laboratory assays, ranging from basic assessments not uniquely indicated for the poisoned patient to highly sophisticated laboratory tests with very specific indications. Literature concerning poisoning in pregnant patients is evaluated and recommendations regarding the utility of pregnancy testing in poisoned females are discussed. Recent studies evaluating the use of toxicology testing in pediatrics have concluded that the use of comprehensive toxicology screening in pediatric patients is costly and does not affect the medical management of most poisoned patients. The utility of focused quantitative serum assays to determine serum levels of particular poisons is reviewed. Toxicology tests used for detection of drugs of abuse, with a particular focus on the capabilities and limitations of such tests, are discussed. The potential pitfalls that occur when toxicology tests are obtained indiscriminately, are misapplied, or are misunderstood are analyzed. Hair sampling as nonemergent toxicology testing for drugs of abuse is discussed.


Subject(s)
Poisoning/diagnosis , Toxicity Tests , Toxicology/methods , Child , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Humans
5.
AIDS Patient Care STDS ; 14(1): 3-6, 2000 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12240880

ABSTRACT

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a unique type of small bowel obstruction resulting from the compression of the duodenum by the SMA. This is a case of SMA syndrome in a cachectic 6-year-old boy with AIDS who presented after a 2.3-kg weight loss in the preceding month. Unfamiliarity with this condition coupled with its intermittent, nonspecific symptomatology probably results in underdiagnosis of SMA syndrome. The presentation, predisposing and associated factors, and methods of diagnosis and treatment of SMA syndrome are all discussed.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome/complications , Child , Humans , Male , Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome/diagnosis , Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome/therapy , Treatment Outcome
6.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 95(19): 11471-5, 1998 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9736761

ABSTRACT

MscL is a mechanosensitive channel in bacteria that responds directly to membrane tension by opening a large conductance pore. To determine functionally important residues within this molecule, we have randomly mutagenized mscL, expressed the genes in living bacteria, and screened for gain-of-function mutants with hampered growth. Expression of these genes caused leakage of cytoplasmic solutes on little or no hypo-osmotic stress. In excised patches, the mutant channels gated at membrane tensions that are less than that required for the gating of the wild-type MscL. Hence, the data suggest that the slowed or no-growth phenotype is caused by solute loss because of inappropriate gating of the channel. Most of the mutations mapped to the first transmembrane domain. When this domain is modeled as an alpha-helix, the most severe mutations are substitutions of smaller amino acids (three glycines and one valine) on one facet, suggesting an important role for this structure in MS channel gating.


Subject(s)
Escherichia coli Proteins , Ion Channel Gating/physiology , Ion Channels/chemistry , Membrane Proteins/chemistry , Amino Acid Sequence , Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Cell Division/genetics , Cell Membrane Permeability/genetics , Electric Conductivity , Escherichia coli/genetics , Gene Expression/genetics , Ion Channels/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutagenesis/genetics , Osmolar Concentration , Patch-Clamp Techniques , Phenotype , Potassium/metabolism , Protein Structure, Secondary , Transformation, Genetic/genetics
8.
J Bacteriol ; 177(3): 839-42, 1995 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7836324

ABSTRACT

The mtrB gene from Bacillus pumilus encodes a 76-amino-acid polypeptide with 77% identity to the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP) from Bacillus subtilis. B. pumilus TRAP binds trp leader RNA from either B. subtilis or B. pumilus in a tryptophan-dependent manner. Altering threonine 52 to alanine eliminated RNA-binding activity of B. pumilus TRAP.


Subject(s)
Bacillus subtilis/chemistry , Bacillus/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Genes, Bacterial , RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Base Sequence , Molecular Sequence Data , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Tryptophan/pharmacology
9.
Vision Res ; 34(11): 1521-33, 1994 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8023464

ABSTRACT

UV wavelengths can regulate neuroendocrine and circadian responses in some rodent species. Appropriately timed UV exposures can block the short photoperiod-induced collapse of the reproductive system, cause a rapid suppression of nocturnal melatonin synthesis, regulate melatonin rhythms and phase shift wheel running rhythms. These biological effects of UV are not dependent on the Harderian gland or melanin in the eye, but appear to be related to the degree of transmission through the ocular lens. Such results are consistent with the hypothesis that elements in the retina can transduce UV stimuli for circadian and neuroendocrine regulation.


Subject(s)
Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Harderian Gland/physiology , Melatonin/biosynthesis , Pineal Gland/radiation effects , Ultraviolet Rays , Albinism/physiopathology , Animals , Cricetinae , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Female , Lens, Crystalline/physiology , Male , Mesocricetus , Pigmentation , Pineal Gland/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains
10.
Int J Exp Pathol ; 74(6): 561-72, 1993 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8292554

ABSTRACT

We used time point studies to document the progression of neoplasms, haematologic abnormalities and associated lesions induced by Moloney murine sarcoma virus-349 (MoMuSV-349). BALB/c mice inoculated intraperitoneally with MoMuSV-349 first developed histologically discernible lesions at 14 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.). The initial neoplasms were characterized by whorls of fusiform or spindle-shaped cells enmeshing dense infiltrates of neutrophils and macrophages. By 21 d.p.i., clinical signs associated with MoMuSV-349 infection were evident. The distribution of the neoplasms was more widespread, although the histologic appearance of the tumours was very similar to that found at 14 d.p.i. All mice sacrificed at 28 d.p.i. exhibited characteristic clinical signs associated with MoMuSV-349, including moderate cachexia. Histologically, neoplasms observed at 28 d.p.i. contained a significant vascular component. By 35 d.p.i., all mice exhibited severe clinical signs (e.g. cachexia, dull hair coat, uneven gait). Histologically, all the neoplasms had a predominant vascular component. Non-neoplastic lesions, such as severe thymic atrophy and multifocal pulmonary haemorrhage, were commonly present. Mice sacrificed 42 d.p.i. were clinically, grossly and histologically similar to those sacrificed at 35 d.p.i. However, one difference found in the 42 d.p.i. group was the presence of rare rhabdomyosarcomas infiltrating the skeletal muscles. Mice inoculated with MoMuSV-349 developed severe neutrophilia and lymphopenia, and moderate anaemia. This study demonstrates that MoMuSV-349 induced angiosarcomatous neoplasms are characterized by stage development and severe haematologic and non-neoplastic abnormalities.


Subject(s)
Hemangiosarcoma/ultrastructure , Moloney murine sarcoma virus , Retroviridae Infections/pathology , Sarcoma, Experimental/ultrastructure , Tumor Virus Infections/pathology , Animals , Hemangiosarcoma/blood , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Microscopy, Electron , Retroviridae Infections/blood , Sarcoma, Experimental/blood , Spleen/pathology , Thymus Gland/pathology , Time Factors , Tumor Virus Infections/blood
11.
Int J Exp Pathol ; 74(2): 163-72, 1993 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8499316

ABSTRACT

Different MoMuSVs produced predictable clinical, gross, and histologic similarities and differences when inoculated into susceptible hosts intraperitoneally. The neoplasms induced by MoMuSV-124 and MoMuSV-349 were histologically indistinguishable. The distribution of the neoplasms was the most widespread in these two groups. Histologically, the neoplasms induced by MoMuSV-124 and MoMuSV-349 were best described as angioproliferative. The neoplasms induced by MoMuSV-HT1 were most accurately described as fibrosarcomas. Histologically, the neoplasms induced by MoMuSV-m1 had characteristics common to neoplasms induced by MoMuSV-124 and MoMuSV-349, but with a less prominent vascular component. All mice inoculated with these MoMuSVs had moderate to severe thymic atrophy. The degree of thymic atrophy associated with both MoMuSV-124 and MoMuSV-349 was histologically more severe than that associated with MoMuSV-m1 and MoMuSV-HT1. Both MoMuSV-HT1 and MoMuSV-m1 had infiltrates of primitive myeloid cells within the spleen. In the case of MoMuSV-m1, there was an apparent leukaemia with infiltrates of similar cells within the bone marrow. With MoMuSV-HT1, these primitive cells were confined to the spleen. In summary, this study demonstrated that some of the different strains of MoMuSV (with the exception of MoMuSV-124 and MoMuSV-349), induced histologically distinct lesions in BALB/c mice.


Subject(s)
Moloney murine sarcoma virus/pathogenicity , Sarcoma, Experimental/pathology , Animals , Atrophy , Fibrosarcoma/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Muscles/pathology , Spleen/pathology , Thymus Gland/pathology
12.
J Virol Methods ; 41(3): 255-63, 1993 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8097198

ABSTRACT

The polymerase chain reaction was used for Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MoMuSV) detection in frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections and cultured cells isolated from MoMuSV-induced tumors. Rapid DNA extraction by proteinase K digestion, followed by CHROMA SPIN + TE-100 column purification proved to be satisfactory. Two pairs of overlapping primers, flanking 1026 base pair (bp) to 221 bp, allowed to choose among four different length of DNA-amplified segments. Although net amplification was obtained for frozen tissue and tumor cultured cells in all combinations of primers, the maximum specificity and sensitivity resulted with 602 bp fragment. This product was fully and adequately digestible using Apa I and Sau3A I restriction endonucleases. DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded sections yielded an amplification product only when the primer pair which delineated a 221-bp segment was used. This reproducible method could be useful for diagnostic and for pathogenetic investigations of MoMuSV infections.


Subject(s)
DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Moloney murine sarcoma virus/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Animals , Base Sequence , Cell Line , DNA, Single-Stranded/chemistry , Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific , Disease Models, Animal , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Frozen Sections , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Molecular Sequence Data , Moloney murine sarcoma virus/genetics , Paraffin Embedding , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Proviruses/genetics , Sarcoma, Experimental/microbiology , Sarcoma, Experimental/pathology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tumor Cells, Cultured
13.
Science ; 258(5080): 284-7, 1992 Oct 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17835128

ABSTRACT

The Devils Hole calcite vein contains a long-term climatic record, but requires accurate chronologic control for its interpretation. Mass-spectrometric U-series ages for samples from core DH-11 yielded (230)Th ages with precisions ranging from less than 1,000 years (2sigma) for samples younger than approximately 140 ka (thousands of years ago) to less than 50,000 years for the oldest samples ( approximately 566 ka). The (234)U/(238)U ages could be determined to a precision of approximately 20,000 years for all ages. Calcite accumulated continuously from 566 ka until approximately 60 ka at an average rate of 0.7 millimeter per 10(3) years. The precise agreement between replicte analyses and the concordance of the (230)Th/(238)U (234)U/(238)U ages for the oldest samples indicate that the DH-11 samples were closed systems and validate the dating technique in general.

15.
J Homosex ; 10(3-4): 45-52, 1984.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6398327

ABSTRACT

Major fallacies occur in historical writing on male homosexuality. These include: the assertion of controversial assumptions as proven; attributing complex phenomena to a single cause; semantic distortion; ethnocentricism; and anachronism. History itself is fallaciously conceived as historical "forces" (historicism) and intrinsic "will" (the pathetic fallacy). Finally there is "tunnel history," viewing events outside of a broad historical context.


Subject(s)
Gender Identity , Homosexuality , Identification, Psychological , Europe , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , Male , Social Identification , United States
16.
J Homosex ; 9(2-3): 27-44, 1983.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6677693

ABSTRACT

Using historical and anthropological evidence, the article examines the relationship of the polytheistic and monotheistic cosmologies and attitudes toward sexuality, in particular, male homosexuality. The polytheistic cosmology included the ideas of the continuity of creation, the generative forces of the universe as a whole, and gender blurring in the realm of the supernatural. In the monotheistic cosmology the godhead (Yahweh) is unborn and does not father any generations, the universe is desexualized, and the conception of gender is rigidified. The author concludes that polytheism created the conditions for a wide variety of sexual expression and sex-role behavior and did not preclude any particular form of sexual activity. In contradistinction, the monotheistic cosmology was highly restrictive of permissible male and female behavior and sexual expression and conduct. Consequently, polytheism was able to embrace the crossing of gender lines and homosexual relationships while monotheism was incapable of making these accommodations.


Subject(s)
Attitude , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Homosexuality , Religion and Sex , Ceremonial Behavior , Christianity , Creativity , Female , Gender Identity , Humans , Male , Mythology , Religion and Psychology , Rome , Sexual Behavior , Taboo
18.
Arch Surg ; 115(5): 665-8, 1980 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6445724

ABSTRACT

We describe two patients with extensive pelvic and lower limb angiodysplasias, in whom hemodynamic complications subsequently developed. These have been treated by selective angiography and multiple percutaneous transcatheter embolizations with satisfactory results (1 1/2 to four years of follow-up). One patient had had three previous operations with no improvement; amputation was the only surgical alternative. In the other patient, hip disarticulation and hemipelvectomy was seriously considered because of cardiac failure not responding to medical therapy. We review the literature and use our cases to illustrate points of technique and reemphasize the essential role of therapeutic embolization in the management of extensive angiodysplasia.


Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Malformations/therapy , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Leg/blood supply , Pelvis/blood supply , Adolescent , Adult , Angiography , Arteries/pathology , Arteries/surgery , Arteriovenous Malformations/physiopathology , Cardiomegaly/complications , Cellulitis/complications , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hemodynamics , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Leg Length Inequality/complications , Male
19.
J Homosex ; 5(3): 217-26, 1980.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7045211

ABSTRACT

A brief examination of Greek social structures, history, and cosmology reveals several points about the nature of, and attitudes towards, male homosexual practices in the classical period. First, due to the overwhelming importance of the Hellenic family, few men seem to have engaged exclusively in homosexual acts. Second, historical sources for Attica indicate that, although most men may have married, homosexual behavior was widespread among all levels of society and was considered no more opprobrious than heterosexual behavior. Third, the Greek cosmology, with its unbounded sexuality and constant blurring of sex roles, provided an atmosphere in which homosexuality was regarded by Athenians as neither irreligious nor unnatural.


Subject(s)
Cultural Characteristics , Culture , Homosexuality , Family , Greece, Ancient , History, Ancient , Humans , Literature , Male , Mythology , Sexual Behavior
20.
Comp Biochem Physiol B ; 61(1): 185-7, 1978.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-45542

ABSTRACT

1. An NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.4.1.4) of mitochondrial origin has been detected in M. senile, a sea anemone. 2. Substrate specificity and starch gel electrophoresis experiments indicated an absence of the NAD(P) glutamate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.4.1.3). 3. This NADP specific GDH activity appears to be the sole GDH activity in species of the animal phylum Coelenterata.


Subject(s)
Cnidaria/enzymology , Glutamate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Sea Anemones/enzymology , Animals , Glutamate Dehydrogenase (NADP+)
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