ABSTRACT
Intranasal vaccination offers the potential advantage of needle-free prevention of respiratory pathogens such as influenza viruses with induction of mucosal immune responses. Optimal design of adjuvants and antigen delivery vehicles for intranasal delivery has not yet been well established. Here, we report that an adjuvant-containing nanoliposome antigen display system that converts soluble influenza hemagglutinin antigens into nanoparticles is effective for intranasal immunization. Intranasal delivery of nanoliposomes in mice delivers the particles to resident immune cells in the respiratory tract, inducing a mucosal response in the respiratory system as evidenced by nasal and lung localized IgA antibody production, while also producing systemic IgG antibodies. Intranasal vaccination with nanoliposome particles decorated with nanogram doses of hemagglutinin protected mice from homologous and heterologous H3N2 and H1N1 influenza virus challenge. IMPORTANCE A self-assembling influenza virus vaccine platform that seamlessly converts soluble antigens into nanoparticles is demonstrated with various H1N1 and H3N2 influenza antigens to protect mice against influenza virus challenge following intranasal vaccination. Mucosal immune responses following liposome delivery to lung antigen-presenting cells are demonstrated.
Subject(s)
Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus , Immunity, Mucosal , Influenza Vaccines , Orthomyxoviridae Infections , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Administration, Intranasal , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology , Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/administration & dosage , Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology , Immunoglobulin A/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Liposomes , Mice , Nanoparticles , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control , VaccinationABSTRACT
This retrospective study evaluates the effectiveness of nonsurgical treatment using antibiotics to treat hematogenous septic arthritis in five dogs. Giant-breed dogs were over-represented, with all dogs <1 year of age. Synovial fluid cultures were positive in all cases, with common bacterial species isolated that included Streptococcus B-haemolytic spp., Pasteurella multocida, and Staphylococcus intermedius. Dogs treated with appropriate duration and selection of antibiotics had clinical resolution with no residual deficits. This report and a previous clinical report demonstrate that hematogenous septic arthritis can be successfully treated nonsurgically with antibiotic therapy.
