ABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/3276806.].
ABSTRACT
Cancer stem cells (CSC) play an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis and prognosis. The study aimed at examining the expression of CD24, CD44, and CD133 in human PDAC and CP in order to evaluate its clinicopathological correlations and the clinical significance. Surgical specimens from 23 patients with PDAC and 15 patients with chronic pancreatitis after pancreatic resection were stained with CD24, CD44, and CD133 antibodies. The intensity of staining was scored from 0 (negative) to 3 (strongly positive). Results. Mean CD24 staining score in PDAC was 1.38 ± 0.76 and was significantly higher than that in CP: 0.70 ± 0.53 (p < 0.01); CD44 score in PDAC was 2.23 ± 0.42 and was significantly higher than that in CP: 1.87 ± 0.55 (p < 0.05); CD133 score 0.93 ± 0.58 was not different from CP: 0.71 ± 0.43 (p > 0.05). CD44 immunoreactivity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in pT1 and pT2 patients together as regards pT3: 2.45 ± 0.37 versus 2.06 ± 0.38 as well as in N0 patients compared to N1 patients: 2.5 ± 0.38 versus 2.04 ± 0.34. Conclusions. CD24 and CD44 are upregulated in human pancreatic cancer compared to chronic pancreatitis. CD44 immunoreactivity decreases with the tumor advancement and may represent the negative PDAC prognostic factor. Each CSC marker was differently related to PDAC advancement. CD133 may lack clinical significance in PDAC.
Subject(s)
AC133 Antigen/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , CD24 Antigen/genetics , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/diagnosis , Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Pancreatitis, Chronic/diagnosis , AC133 Antigen/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , CD24 Antigen/metabolism , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/surgery , Female , Humans , Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Pancreatitis, Chronic/genetics , Pancreatitis, Chronic/mortality , Pancreatitis, Chronic/surgery , Prognosis , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
The authors investigated the pineal blood supply in the rat, including microvascularisation, using different methods of vascular corrosion cast technique and two methods of inspection: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscope (LM). The animals were divided into three groups and injected with two types of casting media. It was found that the pineal gland is highly vascularised. Arterial supply is from the branches of the medial posterior choroidal artery which originates from the posterior cerebral artery. All veins drain into the great cerebral vein directly without forming the pineal vein. However, we noticed a short venous trunk between the great cerebral vein and the confluence of the sinuses. This venous trunk had not been described in literature till now and does not have a name in anatomical nomenclature. The authors showed the relationship of the pineal gland to adjacent venous vessels.
