ABSTRACT
Beside the typical extrapyramidal motor symptoms such as rigidity, tremor, and dyskinesia, a reduction in handwriting area may occur under neuroleptic therapy. To date, the nature of the relationship between a reduction in handwriting area and striatal D2 dopamine receptor occupancy has remained unclear, and it is not known whether such a reduction also occurs under treatment with atypical neuroleptic drugs. In 23 schizophrenic patients treated with haloperidol, haloperidol decanoate, risperidone, and clozapine, the handwriting are was examined using a planimetric computer program. 123I-iodobenzamide (IBZM) single photon emission tomography (SPET) was used to measure the D2 dopamine receptor occupancy. A statistically significant correlation was found between a reduction in handwriting area and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy (r = 0.86; P < 0.0001). The curve derived from the plotted data resulted in a hyperbolic function. The regression was present regardless of whether the patients were treated with typical or atypical neuroleptic drugs.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Handwriting , Neostriatum/metabolism , Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology , Benzamides , Clozapine/therapeutic use , Dopamine Antagonists , Female , Haloperidol/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neostriatum/diagnostic imaging , Pyrrolidines , Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism , Risperidone/therapeutic use , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/diagnostic imaging , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/metabolism , Therapeutic Equivalency , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonABSTRACT
After a ten-day treatment of 21 patients with low molecular weight dextran (MW = 40,000), a decrease in the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol of 25%, LDL-cholesterol of 32% and apoprotein B of 22% was observed. The HDL fraction only showed a reduction of 10%. These dextran effects were dose-dependent. During the post-treatment period of 20 days a continuous increase in the lipid parameters to the preinfusion values was demonstrated. Dextran caused stronger lipid changes in HLP patients than in normolipaemics.
Subject(s)
Dextrans/administration & dosage , Hemodilution , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/therapy , Lipids/blood , Apolipoprotein A-I/metabolism , Apolipoproteins B/blood , Cholesterol/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Humans , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/blood , Infusions, Intravenous , Molecular Weight , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
The effect of dextran infusions on plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and AI and triglycerides is investigated within a patient group. Some plasma lipids and lipoproteins still remain significantly lowered after the end of the 10 days treatment period. Comparing the normolipidaemic with the hyperlipidaemic patients of type IIa and IIb the degree of alterations is different between these 3 groups.
