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Cancer Res ; 61(23): 8513-9, 2001 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11731436

ABSTRACT

Dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to be a promising adjuvant for inducing immunity to cancer. We evaluated tumor lysate-pulsed DC in a Phase I trial of pediatric patients with solid tumors. Children with relapsed solid malignancies who had failed standard therapies were eligible. The vaccine used immature DC (CD14-, CD80+, CD86+, CD83-, and HLA-DR+) generated from peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. These DC were then pulsed separately with tumor cell lysates and the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) for 24 h and then combined. A total of 1 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(7) DC are administered intradermally every 2 weeks for a total of three vaccinations. Fifteen patients (ages 3-17 years) were enrolled with 10 patients completing all vaccinations. Leukapheresis yields averaged 2.8 x 10(8) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)/kg, and DC yields averaged 10.9% of starting PBMC. Patients with neuroblastoma, sarcoma, and renal malignancies were treated without obvious toxicity. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was detected in 7 of 10 patients for KLH and 3 of 6 patients for tumor lysates. Priming of T cells to KLH was seen in 6 of 10 patients and to tumor in 3 of 7 patients as demonstrated by specific IFN-gamma-secreting T cells in unstimulated PBMCs. Significant regression of multiple metastatic sites was seen in 1 patient. Five patients showed stable disease, including 3 who had minimal disease at time of vaccine therapy and remain free of tumor with 16-30 months follow-up. Our results demonstrate that it is feasible to generate large numbers of functional DC from pediatric patients even in those highly pretreated and with a large tumor burden. The DC can be administered in an outpatient setting without any observable toxicity. Most importantly, we have demonstrated the ability of the tumor lysate/KLH-pulsed DC to generate specific T-cell responses and to elicit regression of metastatic disease.


Subject(s)
Dendritic Cells/immunology , Immunotherapy, Adoptive , Neoplasms/immunology , Neoplasms/therapy , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hemocyanins/immunology , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology , Interferon-gamma/metabolism , Leukapheresis , Male , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Vaccination
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