ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Infectious mononucleosis decreases the productivity of many college students and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection may result in long-term immune damage. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the antiviral effect of valacyclovir during EBV-related acute infectious mononucleosis and explore potential clinical benefits. STUDY DESIGN: University students who presented during the first 7 days of illness were randomized to receive valacyclovir 3g/day for 14 days or not. The quantity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in oral and whole blood samples was determined by real-time (TaqMan) PCR. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects with laboratory-confirmed primary EBV infection who had >or=2 log10 decrease in EBV copies/mL in oral washes during the treatment period. Secondary outcomes included clinical effects. RESULTS: Twenty subjects were studied. The proportion of valacyclovir recipients versus control subjects who had >or=2 log10 decrease in EBV copies was significantly greater for both oral wash fluid-derived cell pellet (P=0.03) and supernatant (P=0.001) samples. At the end of the treatment period, the number of reported symptoms (P=0.03) and the severity of illness (P=0.049) were reduced among valacyclovir recipients as compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Valacyclovir therapy caused a reduction of EBV excretion and possibly produced a clinical benefit in infectious mononucleosis. Because our study was small and not placebo-controlled, these results must be confirmed by a larger, placebo-controlled trial.
Subject(s)
Acyclovir/analogs & derivatives , Herpesvirus 4, Human/growth & development , Infectious Mononucleosis/drug therapy , Valine/analogs & derivatives , Acyclovir/administration & dosage , Acyclovir/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Base Sequence , Female , Humans , Infectious Mononucleosis/virology , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Mouth/virology , Pilot Projects , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Valacyclovir , Valine/administration & dosage , Valine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Characterizing virus-host interactions during self-limited infectious mononucleosis could explain how Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication is normally controlled and provide insight into why certain immunocompromised patients fail to contain it. METHODS: University students had an average of 7 clinical and virologic evaluations during acute infectious mononucleosis. EBV was quantified in 697 samples of oral wash fluid, whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and plasma by a real-time (TaqMan) polymerase chain reaction (qEBV) assay developed in our laboratory. RESULTS: Twenty of 25 subjects had serologically confirmed primary EBV infection. EBV was cleared from whole blood by a first-order process with a median half-life of 3 days, and its quantity was associated with severity of illness (r2=0.82). Oral shedding persisted at a median of >or=1x104 copies/mL for 32 weeks and was unrelated to severity of illness. Subjects with nonprimary EBV infection shed virus intermittently, and median quantities for all samples became undetectable within 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Using a novel qEBV assay, we demonstrated that young adults with primary EBV infection rapidly cleared virus from blood but not from the oropharynx. High oral concentrations of EBV in asymptomatic persons who have resumed normal activities support the concept that infectious mononucleosis is most likely acquired by kissing.
