Spin-to-charge conversion and interface-induced spin Hall magnetoresistance in yttrium iron garnet/metallic bilayers.

We report the investigation of spin-to-charge current interconversion process in hybrid structures of yttrium iron garnet (YIG)/metallic bilayers by means of two different experimental techniques: spin pumping effect (SPE) and spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR). We demonstrate the evidence of a correlation between spin-to-charge conversion and SMR in bilayers of YIG/Pd, YIG/Pt, and YIG/IrMn. The correlation was verified directly in the spin Hall angles and the amplitudes of the voltage signals measured by the SPE and SMR techniques. The detection of SMR was carried out using the modulated magnetoresistance technique and lock-in amplifier detection. For these measurements, we present a simple model for the interpretation of the results. The results allow us to conclude that indeed the interface in the YIG/metallic bilayers has a dominant role in the spin-to-charge current conversion and SMR.

Reuse of grits waste for the production of soil--cement bricks.

This investigation focuses on the reuse of grits waste as a raw material for replacing Portland cement by up to 30 wt.% in soil-cement bricks. The grits waste was obtained from a cellulose factory located in south-eastern Brazil. We initially characterized the waste sample with respect to its chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, fineness index, morphology, pozzolanic activity, and pollution potential. Soil-cement bricks were then prepared using the waste material and were tested to determine their technological properties (e.g., water absorption, apparent density, volumetric shrinkage, and compressive strength). Microstructural evolution was accompanied by confocal microscopy. It was found that the grits waste is mainly composed of calcite (CaCO3) particles. Our results indicate that grits waste can be used economically, safely, and sustainably at weight percentages of up to 20% to partially replace Portland cement in soil-cement bricks.

Reuse of solid petroleum waste in the manufacture of porcelain stoneware tile.

This study investigates the incorporation of solid petroleum waste as raw material into a porcelain stoneware tile body, in replacement to natural kaolin material by up to 5 wt.%. Tile formulations containing solid petroleum waste were pressed and fired at 1240 °C by using a fast-firing cycle. The tile pieces were tested to determine their properties (linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density, and flexural strength), sintered microstructure, and leaching toxicity. The results therefore indicated that the growing addition of solid petroleum waste into tile formulations leads to a decrease of linear shrinkage, apparent density, and flexural strength, and to an increase of water absorption of the produced tile materials. It was also found that the replacement of kaolin with solid petroleum waste, in the range up to 2.5 wt.%, allows the production of porcelain stoneware tile (group BIa, ISO 13006 standard). All concentrations of Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cr (total), Hg, and Pb of the fired porcelain stoneware tile pieces in the leachate comply with the current regulatory limits. These results indicate that the solid petroleum waste could be used for high-quality porcelain stoneware tile production, thus giving rise to a new possibility for an environmentally friendly management of this abundant waste.

Recycling of sugarcane bagasse ash waste in the production of clay bricks.

This work investigates the recycling of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as a method to provide raw material for clay brick bodies, through replacement of natural clay by up 20 wt.%. Initially, the waste sample was characterized by its chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, particle size, morphology and pollution potential. Clay bricks pieces were prepared, and then tested, so as to determine their technological properties (e.g., linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density, and tensile strength). The sintered microstructure was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the sugarcane bagasse ash waste is mainly composed by crystalline silica particles. The test results indicate that the sugarcane bagasse ash waste could be used as a filler in clay bricks, thus enhancing the possibility of its reuse in a safe and sustainable way.

Reuse of ornamental rock-cutting waste in aluminous porcelain.

Large amounts of solid wastes are discarded in the ornamental rocks industry. This work investigates the incorporation of ornamental rock-cutting waste as a raw material into an aluminous porcelain body, replacing natural feldspar material by up to 35 wt.%. Formulations containing rock-cutting waste were pressed and sintered at 1350 °C. The porcelain pieces were tested to determine their properties (linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density, mechanical strength, and electrical resistivity). Development of the microstructure was followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The results showed that ornamental rock-cutting waste could be used in aluminous porcelains, in the range up to 10 wt.%, as a partial replacement for traditional flux material, resulting in a valid route for management of this abundant waste.

Recycling of gneiss rock waste in the manufacture of vitrified floor tiles.

The present study focuses on the recycling of gneiss rock waste generated by the ornamental rock industry for manufacturing vitrified floor tile products. The gneiss rock waste came from a rock-cutting plant located in Santo Antônio de Pádua-RJ, Brazil. Initially the waste sample was characterized for chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, particle size, morphology, and pollution potential. Floor tiles containing up to 47.5wt.% waste were prepared. The tiles were tested to determine their physical-mechanical properties (linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density, and flexural strength). Microstructural evolution was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the gneiss rock waste could be used for vitrified floor tile production, resulting in a new possibility for recycling this waste and conserving natural resources.

Infecçäo natural do Holochilus Brasiliensis Nanus Thomas, 1897 (Rodentia, cricetidae) por Litomosoides carinii / Natural infection of Holochilius brasiliensis nanus Thomas, 1897 (Rodentia, Cricetidae) by Litomosoides carinii

É registrada a infecçäo natural do Holochilus brasiliensis nanus, um pequeno roedor semi-aquático da Baixada Ocidental do Estado do Maranhäo, Brasil, por Litomosoides carinii

[Natural infection of Holochilus brasiliensis nanus Thomas, 1897 (Rodentia, Cricetidae) by Litomosoides carinii]. / Infeccão natural do Holochilus brasiliensis nanus Thomas, 1897 (Rodentia, Cricetidae) por Litomosoides carinii.

It is recorded the natural infection of Holochilus brasiliensis nanus, a small semi-aquatic rodent of the Occidental Lowland of Maranhão State, Brazil, by Litomosoides carinii.

Holochilus brasiliensis nanus Thomas, 1897. Sugestao de modelo experimental para filariose, leishmaniose e esquistossomose. / Holochilus brasiliensis nanus Thomas, 1897. Suggestion of an experimental model for filariasis, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis

Roedores silvestres, classificados como Holochilus brasiliensis nanus Thomas, 1897, foram capturados na cidade de Sao Bento, pertencente a Regiao da Baixada, do Estado do Maranhao, Brasil, naturalmente infectados com formas adultas de filaria, na cavidade peritoneal, e microfilarias sanguineas, assim como, com esquistossoma mansoni (vermes adultos e granulomas periovulares hepaticos; intestinais; pulmonares; esplenicos e pancreaticos). Animais nascidos em Bioterio, descendentes de Holochilus da Regiao da Baixada, foram infectados experimentalmente com Leishmania m. amazonensis e Schistosoma mansoni. Em observacoes semanais, foram encontradas lesoes teciduais, semelhantes as que se desenvolvem em hamsters infectados com Leishmania, e hipergamaglobulinemia. Nos esquistossomoticos, foram constatadas hipergamaglobulinemia e reacoes granulomatosas similares as encontradas nos animais infectados naturalmente. Foram observadas, tambem, lesoes hepatica graves, semelhantes as encontradas na esquistossomose humana. Estes achados sugerem a utilizacao do Holochilus b. nanus como modelo experimental destas tres doencas tropicais