A comparative evaluation of static frictional resistance using various methods of ligation at different time intervals: an in vitro study.

Aim. To compare and evaluate the static frictional resistance offered by the four different types of ligation methods in both dry and wet conditions and at different durations when immersed in artificial saliva. Material and Methods. Alastik Easy to Tie modules, Super Slick Mini Stix elastomeric modules, Power "O" modules, and 0.009(″) Stainless Steel ligatures were used to compare the static friction using maxillary canine and premolar Preadjusted Edgewise brackets with 0.022(″) × 0.028(″) slot and 0.019(″) × 0.025(″) stainless steel wires. Results. The mean frictional resistance for Alastik modules was the lowest and that of Stainless Steel ligatures was found to be highest among the four groups compared and the difference among the four groups was statistically significant (P < 0.005). The mean static frictional resistance in all groups under dry conditions was lower than that under wet conditions. No statistical significant differences were found when the groups were compared at different time periods of immersion in artificial saliva. Conclusion. This study concludes that the Alastik modules showed the lowest mean static frictional forces compared to any other ligation method, though no significant difference was found for different time periods of immersion in the artificial saliva.

Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome associated with unique cleft palate: a rare case report.

Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) syndrome is a rare dental anomaly that affects 1:50,000 live births. SMMCI syndrome is characterized by the presence of a single central incisor located on the maxillary midline in both primary and permanent dentitions. It may occur as an isolated finding or in association with developmental defects and systemic involvement. Congenital anomalies associated with SMMCI syndrome can include short stature, mild forms of deviation in craniofacial morphology, mild to severe intellectual disability, congenital heart disease, and cleft lip and/or palate. This report describes a clinical case of a 7-year-old girl with SMMCI syndrome--in addition to bilateral residual cleft and associated nasal regurgitation--that was treated with a removable maxillary obturator.

Transmigration of impacted mandibular canines and its association with malocclusion and morphology: an analysis of seven cases.

AIM: To investigate the morphologic parameters associated with cases of transmigrating mandibular canines. METHODS: The orthodontic records of 3,500 patients were examined for the presence of transmigrating mandibular canines. Lateral cephalograms and study casts were analyzed for skeletal and dental parameters. Observations were made as to the sex and age of the subject, and side, location, and type of migration were recorded from the panoramic radiograph. RESULTS: Seven cases were found to be associated with transmigrating mandibular canines. These included four females and three males between the ages of 14 and 21 years. All canines were unilateral, with three each of type 1 and type 2 and one type 4 case. Retained primary canines and second molars were observed in four cases. Two cases were associated with hypodontia and palatally displaced maxillary canines. Six cases had Class II malocclusions, with 5 cases having deep bite (> 40%) and a deep curve of Spee. Five cases showed increased lower anterior facial height and excess tooth material. CONCLUSION: Dental Class II malocclusion with deep bite, deep curve of Spee, excess tooth material, and increased lower anterior facial height indicating an increase in space available apical to the mandibular incisors (resulting in a loss of canine guidance) may be predisposing factors in the etiology of the transmigrating canine.