Trends and Epidemiology of Tennis-Related Sprains/Strains in the United States, 2010 to 2016.

BACKGROUND: While tennis is one of the most popular sports in the world, it predisposes those who play it to a number of injuries. Several studies have shown sprains/strains to be the most common tennis-related injury. However, data is limited regarding trends in tennis-related sprains/strains. Therefore, this study evaluated: 1) trends in tennis-related sprains/strains; 2) trends in tennis-related sprains/strains by age; and 3) trends in the most common tennis-related sprained/strained body parts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study utilized the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database to collect all tennis-related sprains/strains that occurred between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2016. The annual trends of overall tennis-related sprains/strains were evaluated. Then, the trends in tennis-related sprains/strains by age groups (less than 14 years, 14 to 29 years, 30 to 54 years, and 55 years and older) were compared, and the tennis-related sprains/strains injuries of different body parts were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 48,638 tennis-related sprains/strains occurred during the study period. There was a decrease in the annual estimated weights of sprains/strains, from 8,433 in 2010 to 5,326 in 2016 (p=0.094). When stratified by age, tennis-related sprains/strains occurred in 3,295 (6.8%) patients younger than 14 years, 15,169 (31.2%) patients between the ages of 14 and 29 years, 16,814 (34.6%) patients between the ages of 30 and 54 years, and 13,360 (27.5%) in patients 55 years and older. Also, the trends tended to decrease for every age group, but this was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the most common tennis-related sprains/strains involved the ankle (30.2%), knee (13.7%), lower leg (11.3%), wrist (10.3%), lower trunk (8.5%), shoulder (8.1%), foot (4.9%), and elbow (2.5%). There was a significant decrease in the annual trends of ankle sprains/strains over the study's time-period (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Sprains/strains were the most common tennis-related injuries, and the trends decreased over time, regardless of age. The lower extremity was more commonly injured than the upper extremity, with the ankle being the most common location. Understanding incidence and trends of tennis-related sprains/strains may help elucidate uncertainty pertaining to tennis injury statistics, ultimately improving the ability-of-care providers to work with players to develop preventive measures and better guide treatment.

Group for research in pathology education online resources to facilitate pathology instruction.

BACKGROUND: The Group for Research in Pathology Education (GRIPE) is an organization of pathology educators whose purpose is to promote and facilitate excellence in pathology education. One important function of GRIPE is the maintenance of image and multiple-choice test question data banks. These resources have recently been made available online via the GRIPE Digital Library Web site. The purpose of the GRIPE Digital Library project was to develop an online searchable database that would facilitate access to the GRIPE resources for pathology education. DESIGN: The GRIPE image bank--containing approximately 3000 peer-reviewed gross and microscopic pathologic images along with textual descriptions--was linked with the GRIPE test question bank using Gossamer Thread's DBMan Web database management program. The search and display templates create a functional user interface that integrates images, image descriptions, and test questions into a single online digital library. Using any Web browser, faculty can access the GRIPE Digital Library and search for images and/or test items that can be used in teaching. RESULTS: In the first 18 months (February 2000 through July 2001), users at 40 GRIPE member institutions signed up and used the GRIPE Digital Library to perform more than 6000 individual searches and view more than 37500 images. These digital images were used to produce lectures and laboratory modules that were posted on Web pages and made available to students remotely. CONCLUSIONS: The GRIPE Digital Library provides a unique resource that can facilitate development of educational materials for pathology instruction and helps to fulfill the educational mission of GRIPE.