ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukaemia in the Western Hemisphere. Cytogenetic abnormalities in CLL are used for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. However, detecting these is difficult because mature B cells do not readily divide in culture. Here, we present data on two mitogen cocktails: CpG-oligonucleotide DSP30/Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and DSP30/IL-2 in combination with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). METHODS: We analysed 165 cases of CLL with FISH and cytogenetics from January 2011 to June 2013. In 2011, three cultures were set-up: unstimulated, DSP30/IL-2-stimulated and TPA-stimulated. In 2012-2013, two cultures were set-up: unstimulated and stimulated with TPA/DSP30/IL-2. RESULTS: In 2011, FISH had a detection rate of 91% and cytogenetics using DSP30/IL2 had a detection rate of 91% (n = 22). In 2012-2013, FISH had a detection rate of 79% and cytogenetics using TPA/DSP30/IL-2 had a detection rate of 98% (n = 40). The percentage of cases with normal FISH but abnormal cytogenetics increased from 9% in 2011 to 21% in 2012-2013. The TPA/DSP30/IL-2 cultures in 2012-2013 detected more novel abnormalities (n = 5) as compared to DSP30/IL-2 alone (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS: TPA/DSP30/IL2 was as good as or better than DSP30/IL2 alone. TPA/DSP30/IL-2 offers a high detection rate for CLL abnormalities with a single stimulated culture and may increase detection of clinically significant abnormalities.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Interleukin-2/pharmacology , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell , Oligonucleotides/pharmacology , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology , Male , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
'Tasovcici Refugee Camp, Capljina, Bosnia-Herzegovina.' So read our luggage labels as Ruth Bardsley (a dental nurse, whom I had met for only an hour some weeks previously) and I set out on November 2, 1994 on our journey from Manchester via London, Zagreb and Split. We were not quite sure what to expect, but we knew it was going to be one of the most interesting, unusual and stimulating experiences of our lives.
Subject(s)
Child Health Services/organization & administration , Dental Health Services/organization & administration , Volunteers , Adolescent , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Child , Child, Preschool , Dental Caries/therapy , Dental Prophylaxis , Female , Humans , Male , Medical Missions , Tooth ExtractionABSTRACT
Optimal neutralisation of type 1 herpes simplex virus was obtained by reacting undiluted human serum with virus for 4 h at 37 degrees C, followed by addition of antihuman globulin for 20 min; under these conditions it was possible to detect neutralising antibody activity in 40 of 45 human sera (88%) previously adjudged to be negative by conventional neutralisation tests.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Herpes Simplex/immunology , Simplexvirus/immunology , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology , Complement System Proteins/immunology , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Humans , Neutralization Tests , Temperature , Time FactorsABSTRACT
We present a theoretical model which is used to explain the intersegmental coordination of the neural networks responsible for generating locomotion in the isolated spinal cord of lamprey. A simplified mathematical model of a limit cycle oscillator is presented which consists of only a single dependent variable, the phase theta(t). By coupling N such oscillators together we are able to generate stable phase locked motions which correspond to traveling waves in the spinal cord, thus simulating "fictive swimming". We are also able to generate irregular "drifting" motions which are compared to the experimental data obtained from cords with selective surgical lesions.
