ABSTRACT
Young's early maladaptive schemas represent a possible pathway between childhood adversity and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). The aim of this review was to synthesize the evidence on early maladaptive schemas and IPV. PubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases were searched, in compliance with PRISMA, to identify peer reviewed studies that reported on the relationship between schema or schema domain scores and IPV victimization or perpetration. Based on nine included studies, meta-analyses indicated that IPV victimization showed a moderate association with the Disconnection and Rejection and Impaired Autonomy domains, and a small association with Other-Directedness. The Mistrust Abuse and Vulnerability to Harm schemas were moderately correlated with victimization. Mistrust Abuse was also implicated in perpetration but insufficient data were available for meta-analysis. The evidence suggests that being a victim of IPV is associated with an expectation that one's needs for love and safety will not be met and doubt regarding one's capacity to handle responsibilities or succeed in life.
Subject(s)
Bullying , Child Abuse , Crime Victims , Intimate Partner Violence , Child , Emotions , HumansSubject(s)
Governing Board/organization & administration , Health Priorities/organization & administration , Nurse Administrators/organization & administration , Quality of Health Care/organization & administration , State Medicine/organization & administration , Humans , Leadership , Nurse Administrators/psychology , Nurse's Role , Self-Assessment , United KingdomABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Smoking is a risk factor of a number of oral diseases; the extent to which tobacco products influence dental aesthetics has not been widely investigated. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction with own tooth colour of smokers and non-smokers and to investigate whether smokers have higher levels of self-assessed tooth discolouration compared to non-smokers METHODS: A cross sectional national study was conducted on sample of 6,000 UK adults. A total of 3,384 adults was interviewed. Smoking behaviour was recorded together with satisfaction with own tooth colour. Prevalence of perceived discolouration was measured by asking respondents to match their own tooth colour to one of a set of seven photographs of differing severities of discolouration. RESULTS: Twenty eight percent of smokers reported having moderate and severe levels of tooth discolouration compared to 15% in non-smokers. As well as more often perceiving discolouration smokers were also more likely to be dissatisfied with their own tooth colour compared to non-smokers. CONCLUSION: The study provides further evidence of the negative impact of tobacco smoking on dental aesthetics in the general public. The evidence provided by the study may be of value in short interventions for smoking cessation in the dental setting.
Subject(s)
Self Concept , Smoking/physiopathology , Tooth Discoloration/psychology , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dentistry , Esthetics , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged , Self-Assessment , Sex Factors , Smoking Cessation , Smoking Prevention , Socioeconomic Factors , Tooth Discoloration/etiology , United KingdomABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of satisfaction with dental appearance and own tooth colour in the UK and investigate the impact of ageing on these perceptions. METHODS: Data about ageing and satisfaction with dental appearance and tooth colour was gathered by means of a questionnaire completed at face-to-face interview. The questionnaire was first tested and then used by the Office of National Statistics (ONS) in a stratified random sample of adults drawn from the UK. A total of 3384 adults were interviewed. RESULTS: Three quarters of the population were satisfied with their own dental appearance and two-thirds were satisfied with their tooth colour. Subjects over the age of 55 were significantly more likely to be satisfied with their dental appearance and tooth colour (p < 0.05) compared with younger age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ageing is not necessarily associated with negative self-perception of dental appearance or tooth colour. Greater dissatisfaction with dental appearance or colour in younger ages may suggest that perceived appearance is linked to cognitive factors other than social or cultural ones.
Subject(s)
Esthetics, Dental/psychology , Perception , Tooth Discoloration/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Regression Analysis , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
This policy document was prepared by Janet Rayner, Ruth Holt, Fiona Blinkhorn and Karen Duncan. Policy documents produced by BSPD represent a majority view, based on a consideration of currently available evidence. They are produced to provide guidance, with the clear intention that the policy be regularly reviewed and updated to take account of changing views and developments.
Subject(s)
Dental Care for Children , Health Policy , Cariostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Child, Preschool , Delivery of Health Care , Feeding Behavior , Fluorides/therapeutic use , Health Promotion , Health Services Accessibility , Humans , Infant , Patient Care Planning , Toothbrushing , United KingdomABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, severity, and pattern of dental caries, as well as the prevalence of rampant caries in preschool children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and to relate this to socioeconomic factors, diet, and oral hygiene practices. METHODS: A random sample of 987 children was drawn from 17 nursery schools. RESULTS: Caries were diagnosed in 720 (73%) of the children: 256 (26%) of the children had caries confined to posterior teeth, 54 (6%) had caries only in anterior teeth, and in 382 (39%) both tooth types were affected. Forty-eight children (5%) had caries only in incisors. Rampant caries was diagnosed in 336 (34%). Mean dmft for the 987 children was 4.80 (+/- 4.87) per child and mean dmfs 12.67 (+/- 15.46). Caries and rampant caries were related to social class. CONCLUSIONS: There was little evidence of differing patterns of caries having clearly defined etiology.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries/epidemiology , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Child, Preschool , Cuspid/pathology , DMF Index , Feeding Behavior , Female , Humans , Incisor/pathology , Logistic Models , Male , Molar/pathology , Oral Health , Oral Hygiene/statistics & numerical data , Parents/education , Prevalence , Saudi Arabia , Social Class , Tooth, Deciduous/pathology , Toothbrushing/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental erosion in preschool children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to relate this to caries and rampant caries in the same children. METHODS: A sample of 987 children (2-5 years) was drawn from 17 kindergartens. Clinical examinations were carried out under standardised conditions by a trained and calibrated examiner (M.Al-M.). Measurement of erosion was confined to primary maxillary incisors and used a scoring system and criteria based on those used in the UK National Survey of Child Dental Health. Caries was diagnosed using BASCD criteria. Rampant caries was defined as caries affecting the smooth surfaces of two or more maxillary incisors. RESULTS: Of the 987 children, 309 (31%) had evidence of erosion. For 186 children this was confined to enamel but for 123 it involved dentine and/or pulp. Caries were diagnosed in 720 (73%) of the children and rampant caries in 336 (34%). The mean dmft for the 987 children was 4.80 (+/-4.87). Of the 384 children who had caries but not rampant caries, 141 (37%) had erosion, a significantly higher proportion than the 72 (27%) out of 267 who were clinically caries free (SND=2.61, P<0.01). Of the 336 with rampant caries, 96 (29%) also had evidence of erosion. CONCLUSIONS: The level of erosion was similar to that seen in children of an equivalent age in the UK. Caries was a risk factor for erosion in this group of children.
