ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Daily presence of organ procurement organization staff in level I trauma centers combined with early family contact and interaction can increase donation rates. METHODS: A successful in-house coordinator program already in place at 2 level I trauma centers in Houston was replicated in 6 other level I trauma centers in New York City, Los Angeles, and Seattle. Organ procurement organization staff were placed inside the 8 trauma centers to provide early family support in potential donor situations and day-to-day donation system management. Comparison data were obtained on 83 level I trauma centers nationally. Data from 1999 to 2000 were compared with data from 2001 to 2002. RESULTS: Despite demographic differences, the 8 centers with in-house coordinators had higher consent rates (60% vs 53%) and conversion rates (55% vs 45%) than centers without them. Conversion of potential to actual donors was 22% higher in centers with in-house coordinators than in centers without them. Donation rates were affected by donor age, ethnicity, previous family discussion of donation, the family's initial reaction to the request (favorable, unfavorable, undecided), amount of time family spent with the in-house coordinator, presence of the in-house coordinator during explanation of brain death, whether the request was made at the same time as the brain-death explanation, and, in cases where donation was mentioned to the family before the formal request, who first mentioned donation to the family. CONCLUSIONS: In-house coordinators improve the donation process by interacting with families and staff earlier and more often during potential organ donations and improving donation systems through closer relationships with hospital staff.
Subject(s)
Case Management/organization & administration , Continuity of Patient Care/organization & administration , Tissue and Organ Procurement/organization & administration , Total Quality Management/organization & administration , Trauma Centers/organization & administration , Family/psychology , Female , Health Services Research , Humans , Informed Consent/psychology , Informed Consent/statistics & numerical data , Los Angeles , Male , Models, Organizational , New York City , Professional Role , Program Evaluation , Referral and Consultation/organization & administration , Social Support , Texas , Time Factors , WashingtonABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Relatively little is known about family discussion concerning donation among African Americans in the United States, especially discussion predating the brain death of a family member and the donor request process. OBJECTIVES: To explore the inclination of African Americans to engage in family discussion about organ donation and the characteristics of those who expressed a desire to their families to donate their organs upon death. DESIGN: Focus groups and a cross-sectional survey. SETTING: A large metropolitan complex in Houston, Tex, with a relatively sizeable African American population. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 18 persons of African American background participated in 2 focus groups; 375 randomly selected African American residents were surveyed by questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prodonation family discussion. RESULTS: Only 100% of subjects were found to be in the "action" (having had a prodonation discussion) or "maintenance" (having had a prodonation discussion and not inclined to alter one's wishes) stages with regard to family discussion. These subjects were not found distinguished from others by age, gender, education, or frequency of religious attendance. They were, however, found differentiated from others by feelings of diffuse support for donation, knowledge of donation, having read or heard a lot about donation, and by the belief that organ donation was not against one's religion-when these variables were individually considered. Yet, when these variables were simultaneously considered in a multivariate discriminant function analysis, diffuse support for donation no longer distinguished those in the action/maintenance stage from other subjects.
Subject(s)
Attitude , Black or African American/psychology , Tissue Donors/psychology , Adult , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Focus Groups , Humans , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , Texas , United StatesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Of 5810 acute care hospitals in the United States, only 3.9% (231) are Level 1 Trauma Centers (L1TCs). L1TCs have a significant number of potential organ donors (PODs). Placement of Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) staff, In House Coordinators (IHCs), directly within the L1TC to increase the number of families who consent to donate and to provide system management for the trauma center's donation program, was evaluated. METHODS: Four OPO staff, IHCs, were placed in offices inside two L1TCs in Houston, Texas. The IHCs were responsible for development of a donation system, donor surveillance, management, and most importantly, family support. RESULTS: Calendar year 2000 data on conversion of PODs to actual donors were compared between the L1TCs with IHCs (IHC-L1TC) (n=2) and trauma centers without IHCs (n=4) within the OPO's service area. IHC-L1TCs converted 44% more of the PODs to actual donors. Furthermore, the IHC-L1TCs were compared with 85 L1TCs (37% of U.S. L1TCs) without IHCs. IHC-L1TCs had a 28% greater donor consent rate and a 48% greater conversion rate of PODs to actual donors than the national L1TCs. CONCLUSIONS: L1TC status is the America College of Surgeons' highest level of verification for trauma care. To be certified as a L1TC, hospitals must meet strict criteria in both services and patient care. The donation process is often profoundly affected by the burden of demands made on the resources of these institutions and from divergent responsibilities between specialty services within the facility. Dedicated IHCs (OPO staff) are needed to provide early family intervention and to orchestrate the donation process to maximize organ recovery.
