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1.
J Photochem Photobiol B ; 212: 112047, 2020 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33045532

ABSTRACT

In this work, we present the maximum daily values of solar ultraviolet A radiation (UV-A) as a function of time. The results indicated that such values reached a maximum of 93.9 W/m2 in 2010 and a minimum of 16.5 W/m2 in 2012. The annual averages of both UV-A and solar ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) from 2007 to 2013 were recorded. UV-A was always higher than UV-B. However, UV-B is more energetic due to its intrinsic wavelength. The nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality incidences per 100,000 inhabitants in Arica and in Chile as a function of time between 2007 and 2013 indicated that these mortality rates varied from 3.12 (Arica) to 0.88 (Chile) in 2007 and 2.71 (Arica) to 0.88 (Chile) in 2013. The nonmelanoma skin cancer prevalence rates per 100,000 inhabitants in Arica were 22.2 in 2007 and 19.5 in 2013. The relationship between NMSC and exposure to UV-A is given. In Arica, we report high levels of UV-A and the highest NMSC rates compared with other regions in our country.


Subject(s)
Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects , Adult , Chile/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/mortality , Prevalence , Skin Neoplasms/mortality , Young Adult
2.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(7): 43-48, set. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138693

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La actual pandemia por Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) corresponde a una zoonosis viral altamente con tagiosa que ha requerido extremar las medidas de protección personal con el fin de disminuir la transmisión del virus, tanto en ambientes hospitalarios como fuera de ellos, siendo necesaria la adopción de estrictos métodos de aislamiento tanto de contacto como aerosoles. Esto ha reque rido la adopción de múltiples equipos de protección personal, dentro de los que se encuentran la protección ocular, mascarillas, escudo de protección facial, gorros, guantes, etcétera. Lo anterior ha generado un aumento en el daño de la barrera cutánea y, por lo tanto, la aparición de diversas dermatosis dentro de las que se encuentran dermatitis de contacto irritativa o alérgica, reaccio nes acneiformes, agravamiento de dermatosis previas, entre otras, cobrando así vital importancia el cuidado y restablecimiento de la barrera cutánea con medidas esenciales como aplicación de productos humectantes o emolientes y el correcto uso de los equipos en mención. No obstante, no solo se generan dermatosis derivadas del uso de equipos de protección personal, sino que tam bién, dentro del amplio espectro de manifestaciones dermatológicas que puede generar la enfer medad por Covid-19 propiamente tal, incluyendo compromiso cutáneo, piloso (efluvio telógeno) o ungueal (onicomadesis). Por otro lado pero no motivo de este artículo, el compromiso cutáneo puede corresponder a la primera expresión clínica de la enfermedad o ser un predictor de su evolu ción. Dentro de lo anterior encontramos la urticaria aguda, exantema maculo-papular, exantema varicela-like, erupción petequial, perniosis-like y lívedo reticularis como las principales formas de afección cutánea hasta el momento.


Abstract: The current Covid-19 pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) corresponds to a highly contagious viral zoonosis that has required to extreme measures in order to decrease the transmission of the virus in hospi tal settings and outside of them, requiring adoption of strict isolation methods, both contact and aerosols. This has required the adoption of multiple personal protective equipment, including eye protection, masks, face shield, medical caps, gloves, etc. The aforementioned has generated an in crease in the damage of the skin barrier, and therefore, the appearance of various dermatoses, among which are irritative o alergic contact dermatitis, acneiform reactions, aggravation of previous der matoses, and others, thus becoming vital protection and restoration of the skin barrier with mea sures such as the application of moisturizing or emollient products and the correct use of personal protection equipment. However, not only dermatoses are generated derived from the use of perso nal protection equipment, but also, within the wide spectrum of dermatological manifestations that Covid-19 disease itself can generate, including cutaneous, hairy involvement (telogen effluvium) or nail (onychomadesis). Cutaneous involvement may correspond to the first clinical expression of the disease or be a predictor of its evolution. Among the above we find acute urticaria, maculo-papular rash, chickenpox-like rash, petechial rash, perniosis-like, and livedo reticularis as the main forms of skin condition to date.

3.
J Am Acad Dermatol ; 78(2 Suppl 1): S1-S23.e1, 2018 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29127053

ABSTRACT

Scientific advances are continually improving the knowledge of acne and contributing to the refinement of treatment options; it is important for clinicians to regularly update their practice patterns to reflect current standards. The Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne is an international group of dermatologists with an interest in acne research and education that has been meeting regularly since 2001. As a group, we have continuously evaluated the literature on acne. This supplement focuses on providing relevant clinical guidance to health care practitioners managing patients with acne, with an emphasis on areas where the evidence base may be sparse or need interpretation for daily practice.


Subject(s)
Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy , Dermatologists/standards , Disease Management , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Acne Vulgaris/diagnosis , Administration, Oral , Administration, Topical , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Consensus , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Internationality , Male , Quality Improvement , Retinoids/therapeutic use , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
4.
Acta Derm Venereol ; 96(217): 38-46, 2016 Aug 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27282344

ABSTRACT

The nervous, immune, endocrine and integumentary systems are closely related and interact in a number of normal and pathological conditions. Nervous system mediators may bring about direct changes to the skin or may induce the release of immunological or hormonal mediators that cause pathological changes to the skin. This article reviews the psychological mechanisms involved in the development of skin diseases.


Subject(s)
Dermatology , Nervous System Physiological Phenomena , Psychoneuroimmunology , Skin Diseases/immunology , Skin Diseases/psychology , Humans
5.
Clin Rheumatol ; 30(6): 739-48, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21110213

ABSTRACT

The skin and nails are commonly involved in rheumatic conditions, both by the primary disease and/or long-term immunosuppressive treatments. These superficial affections may also imply a worsening of the quality of life in patients and cosmetic sequels. The latest advances in ultrasound technology show that skin and nail abnormalities are now recognizable and therefore susceptible to follow-up non-invasively. Thus, an ultrasound examination of these superficial tissues may be an adjunct tool for evaluating the progression and/or severity of rheumatic diseases in their primary or secondary manifestations.


Subject(s)
Nails/diagnostic imaging , Rheumatic Diseases/diagnosis , Severity of Illness Index , Skin/diagnostic imaging , Disease Progression , Humans , Nail Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Nail Diseases/etiology , Nails/blood supply , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Rheumatic Diseases/complications , Rheumatic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Skin/blood supply , Skin Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Skin Diseases/etiology , Ultrasonography
6.
J Ultrasound Med ; 29(5): 803-16, 2010 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20427793

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the scope of high-resolution sonography in the detection of benign tumors and pseudotumors of the nail unit. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of the sonographic findings in 103 consecutive patients with benign tumors and pseudotumors of the nail that were medically derived and confirmed histologically. Statistical analysis (Student t test) was performed comparing clinical and sonographic diagnoses. RESULTS: Common benign tumors and pseudotumors of the nail can be detected on sonography, and they present different sonographic morphologic characteristics. According to origin, the lesions were considered ungual in 73% (n = 75) and periungual in 27% (n = 28) of the cases. Sonography showed their nature (solid or cystic), location, and extension as well as regional blood flow. In 35% of the cases, the use of sonography modified the clinical diagnosis, although the detailed anatomic information provided by sonography was useful in the planning of surgery in all cases. The addition of sonography was significant (P < .001) for the diagnosis of subungual exostosis and granulomas in comparison to clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography is a noninvasive imaging method that can reliably detect common benign tumors and pseudotumors of the nail and provide precise data about their characteristics. This imaging modality can support diagnosis and surgery and can allow a better definition and improvement of the cosmetic outcome of the treatment.


Subject(s)
Nail Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Nails/diagnostic imaging , Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Young Adult
11.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 16(2): 107-111, 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-445731

ABSTRACT

En Octubre de 2002, nuestro Servicio lanzó una campaña de tres días de duración, denominada Exposol, dirigida a educar sobre los riesgos de la exposición solar y a la detección precoz del cáncer de piel en Santiago. Un total de 2.378 personas asistieron a la campaña. Ochocientas noventa y cinco personas fueron evaluadas por dermatólogos al referir lesiones sospechosas de ellos, un 9 por ciento presentaban, clínicamente, lesiones cutáneas de aspecto maligno. Nuestros resultados son similares a publicaciones internacionales. Campañas de este tipo pueden ayudar a disminuir las cifras de incidencia de cáncer de piel, pero deben realizarse esfuerzos adicionales y continuos para llegar con este mensaje a la mayor cantidad de la población.


Subject(s)
Humans , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , Health Education , Health Promotion , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology
12.
Rev Med Chil ; 131(9): 1011-22, 2003 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14635588

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: During the recent 10 years the ozone layer has decreased while ultraviolet radiation has increased in Santiago, Chile. AIM: To determine whether the number of sunburns in children correlate with ultraviolet radiation in Santiago. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: During six Austral Summers (1996-2001) children below 15 years old, consulting for sunburn, were evaluated at the "Corporation for the Aid of Burned Children" (COANIQUEM) in Santiago (33.5 degrees S). The number of children with sunburns during each Summer was compared with the corresponding UV-B radiation and the ozone thickness, to establish a probable relation between a geophysical change and its consequences in skin health. The ozone layer values were obtained from the NASA WEB-page and the ultraviolet radiation was measured with a four-channel medium resolution radiometer. RESULTS: In each Summer there was a predominance of sunburns among boys and among ages between 6 and 10 years. During the 96-97 Austral Summer, the highest number of children with sunburns (63) was diagnosed. That Summer also had the highest mean UV-305 nm radiation with an important amount of days with ozone < or = 260 Dobson Units. Only during that Summer an inverse correlation between ozone and UV-305 nm radiation was detected. At the same time the maximal values of Erythemal Dose Rate (33 muWatt cm2), UV Index (13) and Erythemal Daily Dose (7.500 Joule m2) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In Santiago, Summers with a higher number of days with low ozone protection seem to reappear every 3 years. Understanding the interaction of physical processes that control the ozone layer, may help to design better photo-protection programs for human health.


Subject(s)
Ozone , Seasons , Sunburn/epidemiology , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Chile/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male
13.
Rev Med Chil ; 131(12): 1421-7, 2003 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15022405

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is an increase in the incidence rates of skin cancer in Chile. AIM: To study the clinical diagnostic accuracy (CDA) for skin cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CDA was defined as the percentage of agreement between clinical and pathological diagnosis. Approximately 600,000 pathological reports from five hospitals in Santiago were reviewed. A total of 2,593 skin tumours; 230 Malignant Melanoma (MM); 412 Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and 1,951 Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) were studied. These tumours were clinically diagnosed and surgically treated by dermatologists. The CDA was studied for each tumour, by the anatomical localization of the tumour, Breslow Index in MM, by age and sex of the patient. RESULTS: The highest CDA was observed for BCC (76.2%); followed by MM (64.3%) and SCC (34.7%). By anatomical localization, for MM the highest CDA was observed in the soles (p < 0.05); for BCC, the highest CDA was in the face (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in SCC. By age, for MM, the CDA was higher in patients aged less than 50 years. No differences in CDA by age were observed in the other two tumours. By sex, no differences were found. A higher CDA was found in MM with Breslow indexes III and IV than for MM with Breslow indexes I and II. CONCLUSIONS: CDA is affected by the clinical variables analyzed in this study. A more accurate clinical diagnosis of skin cancer could be obtained taking into account these variables.


Subject(s)
Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Chile , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Melanoma/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
14.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 19(3): 196-199, 2003. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-460612

ABSTRACT

Debido a los buenos resultados de la estrogenoterapia tópica y a la galénica, los fitoestrógenos acaparan la atención de los científicos y son de interés como tratamiento habitual de cara en mujer menopáusica. Como una manera de aportar una respuesta perfectamente adaptada a una necesidad de la piel de la mujer postmenopáusica, el laboratorio de investigación avanzada de L'Oreal desarrolló el Phyto-Flavone®, una asociación de isoflavones de soya, ácido cinámico y floroglucinol trimetiléter, en donde el isoflavone de soya es el fitoestrógeno, el ácido cinámico y el floroglucinol, dos fitoactivos reguladores del crecimiento en las plantas. En el presente estudio evaluamos el uso de este preparado en mujeres chilenas con objeto de probar su aceptación y tolerancia en la piel de la cara y cuello de mujeres latinoamericanas. El producto estudiado fue evaluado como muy bueno desde un punto de vista cosmético por las personas que lo utilizaron. Un muy bajo porcentaje no significativo de personas manifestó al comienzo del tratamiento leves molestias, caracterizadas por enrojecimiento y pruritos en la zona de aplicación del producto, lo que permitió concluir que éste tuvo muy buena tolerancia. No se encontraron efectos adversos al examen clínico, lo que permite concluir como prueba de uso que no provoca reacciones adversas en personas normales y en condiciones normales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Skin Aging , Isoflavones/therapeutic use , Postmenopause , Chile , Drug Tolerance , Latin America , Single-Blind Method , Patient Satisfaction
16.
Dermatol. argent ; 4(4): 338-44, oct.-dic. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-241546

ABSTRACT

Se trataron 58 pacientes portadores de acné moderado con isotretinoína oral en dosis bajas. Un primer grupo de pacientes recibió 0,5 mg/Kg/d por 120 días (dosis total 3.600 mg). El segundo grupo 10 mg diarios 0,1-0,2 mg/Kg/d por 120 días (total 1.200 mg). Un tercer grupo recibió una dosis inicial de 10 mg/d por 30 días (300 mg) y continuaron con dosis decrecientes de 10 mg tres veces por semana por 60 días; 10 mg dos veces por semana por 60 días y terminaron con 10 mg una vez por semana por 60 días. En este último grupo la duración del tratamiento fue de 210 días recibiendo los pacientes una dosis total de 780 mg (0,05-0,07 mg/Kg/d). Se observó mejoría completa en el 86 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo 1, en el 72,2 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo 3 y en un 55,6 por ciento del grupo 2. Las recidivas a los dos años de terminado el tratamiento fueron de 4,5 por ciento para el primer grupo, 11,1 por ciento para el segundo y 5,6 por ciento para el tercero. Requieren repetir el tratamiento el 4,5 por ciento de los pacientes del primer grupo, el 27,8 por ciento del segundo y el 16,7 por ciento del tercero. No hubo diferencias de respuesta clínica entre sexo, edad, tiempo de evolución. El tratamiento fue muy bien tolerado. No se observaron efectos adversos significativos. Las dosis menores de 0,5 mg/Kg/d de isotretinoína son útiles en pacientes con acné moderado que no responden a los tratamientos tópicos o de antibióticos sistémicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy , Isotretinoin/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Isotretinoin/adverse effects , Isotretinoin/therapeutic use
17.
Dermatol. argent ; 4(4): 338-44, oct.-dic. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-15308

ABSTRACT

Se trataron 58 pacientes portadores de acné moderado con isotretinoína oral en dosis bajas. Un primer grupo de pacientes recibió 0,5 mg/Kg/d por 120 días (dosis total 3.600 mg). El segundo grupo 10 mg diarios 0,1-0,2 mg/Kg/d por 120 días (total 1.200 mg). Un tercer grupo recibió una dosis inicial de 10 mg/d por 30 días (300 mg) y continuaron con dosis decrecientes de 10 mg tres veces por semana por 60 días; 10 mg dos veces por semana por 60 días y terminaron con 10 mg una vez por semana por 60 días. En este último grupo la duración del tratamiento fue de 210 días recibiendo los pacientes una dosis total de 780 mg (0,05-0,07 mg/Kg/d). Se observó mejoría completa en el 86 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo 1, en el 72,2 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo 3 y en un 55,6 por ciento del grupo 2. Las recidivas a los dos años de terminado el tratamiento fueron de 4,5 por ciento para el primer grupo, 11,1 por ciento para el segundo y 5,6 por ciento para el tercero. Requieren repetir el tratamiento el 4,5 por ciento de los pacientes del primer grupo, el 27,8 por ciento del segundo y el 16,7 por ciento del tercero. No hubo diferencias de respuesta clínica entre sexo, edad, tiempo de evolución. El tratamiento fue muy bien tolerado. No se observaron efectos adversos significativos. Las dosis menores de 0,5 mg/Kg/d de isotretinoína son útiles en pacientes con acné moderado que no responden a los tratamientos tópicos o de antibióticos sistémicos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy , Isotretinoin/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Isotretinoin/adverse effects , Isotretinoin/therapeutic use
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