ABSTRACT
This data article presents the development of a learner corpus (i.e. a systematic computerized web-based repository of written texts produced by language learners) from the initial phase of the development where written assignments were collected from language learners as raw data to the critical phases where the processed text data and meta data were aligned and transformed to the web interface of the corpus. The corpus developed is called the CELL (Chinese and English Learner Language) Corpus, which comprises: i) text data containing 4.2 million English words and 18 million Chinese characters; and ii) meta data including the demographic information of the participants whose text data were collected. This article first outlines the steps for collecting the text data and meta data and then explains the processes for cleaning, annotating and tagging the text data. Discussion of the problems the research team encountered with segmentation of the Chinese text data and accuracy check of the processed datasets is also included in this article. The CELL Corpus comes with the concordance and word list features which will enable language teachers and researchers to investigate frequency, accuracy and complexity of vocabulary use in learner language. The steps and processes reported in this article will inform future development of learner language corpora of different languages.
ABSTRACT
While synthetic absorbable polymers have a substantial history of use in medical devices, their use is expanding and becoming more prevalent for devices where long term loading and structural support is required. In addition, there is evidence that current absorbable medical devices may experience permanent deformations, warping (out of plane twisting), and geometric changes in vivo. For clinical indications with long term loading or structural support requirements, understanding the material's viscoelastic properties becomes increasingly important whereas these properties have not been used historically as preclinical indications of performance or design considerations. In this study we measured the static creep, creep recovery and cyclic creep responses of common medically relevant absorbable materials (i.e., poly(l-lactide, PLLA) and poly(l-co-glycolide, PLGA) over a range of physiologically relevant loading magnitudes. The results indicate that both PLLA and PLGA exhibit creep behavior and failure at loads significantly less than the yield or ultimate properties of the material and that significant material specific responses to loading exist. In addition, we identified a strong correlation between the extent of creep in the material and its crystallinity. Results of the study provide new information on the creep behavior of PLLA and PLGA and support the use of viscoelastic properties of absorbable polymers as part of the material selection process.
