Biomarkers Screening and Mechanisms Analysis of the Restraint Stress-Induced Myocardial Injury in Hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- Mice.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the biomarkers and potential mechanisms of chronic restraint stress-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- mice. METHODS: The hyperlipidemia combined with the chronic stress model was established by restraining the ApoE-/- mice. Proteomics and bioinformatics techniques were used to describe the characteristic molecular changes and related regulatory mechanisms of chronic stress-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia mice and to explore potential diagnostic biomarkers. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis showed that there were 43 significantly up-regulated and 58 significantly down-regulated differentially expressed proteins in hyperlipidemia combined with the restraint stress group compared with the hyperlipidemia group. Among them, GBP2, TAOK3, TFR1 and UCP1 were biomarkers with great diagnostic potential. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that ferroptosis was a significant pathway that accelerated the myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia combined with restraint stress-induced model. The mmu_circ_0001567/miR-7a/Tfr-1 and mmu_circ_0001042/miR-7a/Tfr-1 might be important circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks related to ferroptosis in this model. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic restraint stress may aggravate myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia mice via ferroptosis. Four potential biomarkers are selected for myocardial injury diagnosis, providing a new direction for sudden cardiac death (SCD) caused by hyperlipidemia combined with the restraint stress.

Hexagonal Bipyramidal Mn3Ge5 Cluster and Its One-Dimensional Ferrimagnetic Sandwich Nanowire: Mn3Ge3 Rings as Structural Motifs.

Bipyramidal structures featuring planar rings serve as potential building blocks for one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures. Pure Ge atoms typically prefer to form three-dimensional rather than planar structures. Although a few-metal-doped bipyramids with pure Ge planar rings are predicted for constructing Ge-based 1D nanostructures, there is limited knowledge about those with both Ge and doped atoms on the same planar rings. Here, we report a hexagonal bipyramidal Mn3Ge5 cluster containing a Mn3Ge3 six-membered ring with the potential to construct a 1D germanium-based nanostructure. We investigated the structures and properties of Mn3Ge5-/0 using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Mn3Ge5- has a C3v symmetric distorted hexagonal bipyramidal structure, while Mn3Ge5 has a C2v symmetric hexagonal bipyramidal structure. Chemical bonding analyses show that Mn3Ge5- could be considered as a [Mn3]V[Ge5]6- complex. First-principles calculations indicate that Mn3Ge5 may be used to construct a 1D ferrimagnetic [Mn3Ge5]∞ nanostructure.

Hydrogel loaded with bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomes promotes bone regeneration by inhibiting inflammatory responses and angiogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Bone healing is a complex process involving early inflammatory immune regulation, angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation, and biomineralization. Fracture repair poses challenges for orthopedic surgeons, necessitating the search for efficient healing methods. AIM: To investigate the underlying mechanism by which hydrogel-loaded exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) facilitate the process of fracture healing. METHODS: Hydrogels and loaded BMSC-derived exosome (BMSC-exo) gels were characterized to validate their properties. In vitro evaluations were conducted to assess the impact of hydrogels on various stages of the healing process. Hydrogels could recruit macrophages and inhibit inflammatory responses, enhance of human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis, and promote the osteogenic differentiation of primary cranial osteoblasts. Furthermore, the effect of hydrogel on fracture healing was confirmed using a mouse fracture model. RESULTS: The hydrogel effectively attenuated the inflammatory response during the initial repair stage and subsequently facilitated vascular migration, promoted the formation of large vessels, and enabled functional vascularization during bone repair. These effects were further validated in fracture models. CONCLUSION: We successfully fabricated a hydrogel loaded with BMSC-exo that modulates macrophage polarization and angiogenesis to influence bone regeneration.

Pyroptosis inhibitors MCC950 and VX-765 mitigate myocardial injury by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in acute myocardial hypoxia.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that has been linked to various pathological conditions. However, its exact contribution to the onset and progression of heart injury in AMI has not yet fully elucidated. Herein, we established mouse AMI model by ligating the left anterior descending artery and performed transcriptome analysis during the early phase of AMI. Mouse HL-1 and human AC-16 cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia to simulate ischemic injury in vitro. Our results revealed a significant activation of the inflammatory response at 3 h post-ligation, as confirmed by RNA sequencing. We identified the occurrence of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in the cardiac tissues of human cases with AMI, as well as in mouse models of AMI and hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes, using immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting assays. Concurrently, pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis with MCC950 and VX-765 effectively decreased hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes injury, while mitigating myocardial oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation caused by hypoxia. Moreover, the circulating levels of gasdermin D (GSDMD), the pyroptosis executor, were remarkably elevated in the plasma of mice with early AMI and in the supernatant of hypoxia-exposed cardiomyocytes in a time-dependent manner using ELISA and Western blotting. Furthermore, the change in circulating GSDMD positively correlated with Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) in the plasma of early-stage AMI mouse. In summary, these findings indicated a critical role for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in the progression of AMI, the administration of MCC950 and VX-765 may be attractive candidate therapeutic approaches for cardiac injury caused by acute hypoxia or even AMI. Additionally, the circulating GSDMD exhibits potential as a newly diagnostic biomarker for AMI.

Temporal stability of tongue microbiota in older patients - A pilot study.

Background/purpose: Healthy states of human microbiota depend on a stable community of symbiotic microbes irrespective of external challenges from the environment. Thus, long-term stability of the oral microbiota is of importance, particularly for older patient populations. Materials and methods: We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to examine the tongue microbiota of 18 individuals receiving long-term care over a 10-month period. Results: Beta diversity analysis demonstrated temporal stability of the tongue microbiota, as microbial compositions from all time points were indistinguishable from each other (P = 0.0887). However, significant individual variation in microbial composition (P = 0.0001) was observed, underscoring the presence of a unique microbial profile for each patient. Conclusion: The temporal dynamics of tongue microbiota exhibit long-term stability, providing diagnostic implications for oral diseases within older patient populations.

Electric-field control of nonvolatile resistance state of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction via magnetoelectric coupling.

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are the core elements of spintronic devices. Now, the mainstream writing operation of MTJs mainly relies on electric current with high energy dissipation, which can be greatly reduced if an electric field is used instead. In this regard, strain-mediated multiferroic heterostructure composed of MTJ and ferroelectrics are promising with the advantages of room temperature and magnetic field-free as already demonstrated by MTJ with in-plane magnetic anisotropy. However, there is no such report on the perpendicular MTJs (p-MTJs), which have been commercialized. Here, we investigate electric-field control of resistance state of MgO-based p-MTJs in multiferroic heterostructures. A remarkable and nonvolatile manipulation of resistance is demonstrated at room temperature without magnetic field assistance. Through various characterizations and micromagnetic simulation, the manipulation mechanism is uncovered. Our work provides an effective avenue for manipulating p-MTJ resistance by electric fields and is notable for high density and ultralow power spintronic devices.

Castleman Disease Presenting in the Neck: A Report of 3 Cases and a Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Castleman's disease (CD) is a reactive lymph node hyperplasia initially identified by Castleman in 1956. CD predominantly affects individuals 20-50 years of age, with low incidence in children. This case report describes 3 cases of CD treated in our hospital and reviews the relevant literature. The purpose of this case report was to enhance clinical understanding and treatment of CD in the head and neck in children. CASE REPORT To enhance clinical understanding and improve treatment of CD in the head and neck region in children, we present the cases of 3 patients who were admitted to the hospital, primarily presenting with a neck mass. Preoperatively, the patients collectively exhibited non-specific findings. Surgical interventions were performed with Cases 1 and 3 undergoing left functional (radical) neck lymph node dissection, in contrast to Case 2, in which bilateral functional (radical) neck lymph node dissection was executed. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CD in each of the 3 patients. Following surgery, a follow-up period ranging from 3 months to 1 year revealed that all patients had successfully recovered, with no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Castleman disease is a rare disease in children and difficult clinical diagnosis. Some patients with unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) can be treated with surgery, and those with multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) need chemotherapy, but at present there is no widely accepted treatment plan.

Exploring Cassia mimosoïdes as a promising natural source of steroids with potent anti-cancer, urease inhibition, and antimicrobial properties.

The genus Cassia is a rich source of physiologically active secondary metabolites, including a novel compound named 21-methylene-24-ethylidene lophenol, alongside 15 known compounds. These compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. They exhibited promising antimicrobial activity, particularly against bacteria causing gastrointestinal infections. Compound 1 showed strong anti-bacterial activity against H. pylori and S. aur with MIC values of 0.28 and 0.12 µg mL-1 respectively. The study investigated their impact on H. pylori, a contributor to ulcer development, by inhibiting the urease enzyme. Inhibiting urease can reduce H. pylori's pathogenic potential, evident from the fact that the compounds evaluated toward urease enzyme showed higher inhibitory activity (1.024 ± 0.43 6.678±0.11 µM) compared to standard thiourea (IC50 = 18.61 ± 0.11 µM). Molecular docking studies confirmed their inhibitory action, with compound 7 notably outperforming thiourea in inhibiting urease (-6.95 kcal mol-1vs. -3.13 kcal mol-1). Additionally, these compounds showed positive effects on liver functioning, which H. pylori can impair. Compound 9 shows the best response against human HepG2 liver cancer cell lines i.e., % viability is 14.47% ± 0.69 and IC50 is 7.8 µM ± 0.21. These compounds hold potential as lead compounds for addressing gastrointestinal and liver disorders caused by H. pylori.

Lymphatic Malformation Initially Presenting as Snoring: A Case Report.

We describe a case of lymphatic malformation (LM) with snoring as the primary symptom. The patient, an 11-year-old boy, sought medical attention due to "snoring that had worsened over 3 years, accompanied by shortness of breath for 1 month." The preoperative examination showed that the apnea-hypopnea index during sleep was 33.4. The average overnight blood oxygen saturation was 95.3%, reaching a lowest level of 79.9%. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a space-occupying lesion in the postpharyngeal space, leading to significant compression and narrowing of the pharyngeal cavity. This suggested the possibility of a vascular malformation, with a higher proportion of vascular components. The patient underwent resection of the pharyngeal mass and temporary tracheostomy under general anesthesia, and intraoperative freeze and postoperative pathological diagnoses confirmed LM. Postoperative prognosis was favorable.

Current prospect of dental zirconia recycling: A scoping review.

PURPOSE: This scoping review aimed to identify and discuss the recyclability of dental zirconia residuals along with the factors influencing the properties of dental recycled zirconia. STUDY SELECTION: In vitro studies written in both English and Chinese that evaluated the recyclability of dental zirconia residue were selected. A literature search was conducted in Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases with no restrictions on the publication year. RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included in this review. Residual dental zirconia can be recycled. Cold isostatic pressing improved the density of recycled zirconia compared with uniaxial pressing. Recycled zirconia powder with fine particles enhanced the performance of recycled zirconia compared with coarse particles. A presintering temperature of 950 to 1100°C was suitable for preparing recycled zirconia presintered bodies. Recycled zirconia may require a higher sintering temperature (≥1500°C) compared with commercially available zirconia. Additionally, recycled zirconia powder can enhance the properties of polymethylmethacrylate as a reinforcing filler and can be combined with alumina powder to obtain an alumina/zirconia composite material. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a limited body of literature, the recycling and reutilization of dental zirconia residuals are feasible and reliable, and can reduce economic and environmental losses. Nevertheless, several factors influence the recycling effect, including the particle size, molding techniques, and sintering parameters. In addition, recycled zirconia powder can act as a reinforcing filler, potentially enhancing the mechanical properties of other materials. To realize commercially viable recycled zirconia materials, further studies are essential to comprehensively explore and understand their recycling performance.

Unraveling quantum coherences mediating primary charge transfer processes in photosystem II reaction center.

Photosystem II (PSII) reaction center (RC) is a unique complex that is capable of efficiently separating electronic charges across the membrane. The primary energy- and charge-transfer (CT) processes occur on comparable ultrafast timescales, which makes it extremely challenging to understand the fundamental mechanism responsible for the near-unity quantum efficiency of the transfer. Here, we elucidate the role of quantum coherences in the ultrafast energy and CT in the PSII RC by performing two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy at the cryogenic temperature of 20 kelvin, which captures the distinct underlying quantum coherences. Specifically, we uncover the electronic and vibrational coherences along with their lifetimes during the primary ultrafast processes of energy and CT. We construct an excitonic model that provides evidence for coherent energy and CT at low temperature in the 2D electronic spectra. The principles could provide valuable guidelines for creating artificial photosystems with exploitation of system-bath coupling and control of coherences to optimize the photon conversion efficiency to specific functions.

Multitype Electronic Interactions in Precursor Solutions of Molecular Doped P3HT Polymer.

Spin-casting of molecularly doped polymer solution mixtures is one of the commonly used methods to obtain conductive organic semiconductor films. In spin-casted films, electronic interaction between the dopant and polymer is one of the crucial factors that dictates the doping efficiency. Here, we investigate excitonic couplings using ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to examine the different types of electronic interactions in ion pairs of the prototype F4TCNQ-doped P3HT polymer system in a precursor solution mixture for spin-casting. Off-diagonal peaks in the 2D spectra clearly establish the excitonic coupling between P3HT+ and F4TCNQ- ions in solution. The observed excitonic coupling is the direct manifestation of a Coulombic interaction between the ion pair. The excited-state lifetime of F4TCNQ- in ion pairs shows biexponential decay at 30 and 200 fs, which hints toward the presence of a heterogeneous population with different interaction strengths. To examine the nature of these different types of interactions in solution mixtures, we study the system using molecular dynamics simulations on a fully solvated model employing the generalized Amber force field. We retrieve three dominant interaction modes of F4TCNQ anions with P3HT: side chain, π-stack, and slipped stack. To quantify these interactions, we complement our studies with electronic structure calculations, which reveal the excitonic coupling strengths of ∼ 75 cm-1 for side chain, ∼ 150 cm-1 for π-π-stack, and ∼69 cm-1 for slipped stack. These various interaction modes provide information about the key geometries of the seed structures in precursor solution mixtures, which may determine the final structures in spin-casted films. The insights gained from our study may guide new strategies to control and ultimately tune Coulomb interactions in polymer-dopant solutions.

Deep learning for automatic detection of cephalometric landmarks on lateral cephalometric radiographs using the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the effectiveness and feasibility of the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) for automatic detection of cephalometric landmarks on lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCRs). STUDY DESIGN: In total, 400 LCRs, each with 19 manually identified landmarks, were collected. Of this total, 320 images were randomly selected as the training dataset for Mask R-CNN, and the remaining 80 images were used for testing the automatic detection of the 19 cephalometric landmarks, for a total of 1520 landmarks. Detection rate, average error, and detection accuracy rate were calculated to assess Mask R-CNN performance. RESULTS: Of the 1520 landmarks, 1494 were detected, for a detection rate of 98.29%. The average error, or linear deviation distance between the detected points and the originally marked points of each detected landmark, ranged from 0.56 to 9.51 mm, with an average of 2.19 mm. For detection accuracy rate, 649 landmarks (43.44%) had a linear deviation distance less than 1 mm, 1020 (68.27%) less than 2 mm, and 1281 (85.74%) less than 4 mm in deviation from the manually marked point. The average detection time was 1.48 seconds per image. CONCLUSIONS: Deep learning Mask R-CNN shows promise in enhancing cephalometric analysis by automating landmark detection on LCRs, addressing the limitations of manual analysis, and demonstrating effectiveness and feasibility.

Sotagliflozin attenuates liver-associated disorders in cystic fibrosis rabbits.

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene lead to CF, a life-threating autosomal recessive genetic disease. While recently approved Trikafta dramatically ameliorates CF lung diseases, there is still a lack of effective medicine to treat CF-associated liver disease (CFLD). To address this medical need, we used a recently established CF rabbit model to test whether sotagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 and 2 (SGLT1/2) inhibitor drug that is approved to treat diabetes, can be repurposed to treat CFLD. Sotagliflozin treatment led to systemic benefits to CF rabbits, evidenced by increased appetite and weight gain as well as prolonged lifespan. For CF liver-related phenotypes, the animals benefited from normalized blood chemistry and bile acid parameters. Furthermore, sotagliflozin alleviated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-like phenotypes, including liver fibrosis. Intriguingly, sotagliflozin treatment markedly reduced the otherwise elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in the liver and other affected organs of CF rabbits. In summary, our work demonstrates that sotagliflozin attenuates liver disorders in CF rabbits and suggests sotagliflozin as a potential drug to treat CFLD.

The Complement System and C4b-Binding Protein: A Focus on the Promise of C4BPα as a Biomarker to Predict Clopidogrel Resistance.

The complement system plays a dual role in the body, either as a first-line defense barrier when balanced between activation and inhibition or as a potential driver of complement-associated injury or diseases when unbalanced or over-activated. C4b-binding protein (C4BP) was the first circulating complement regulatory protein identified and it functions as an important complement inhibitor. C4BP can suppress the over-activation of complement components and prevent the complement system from attacking the host cells through the binding of complement cleavage products C4b and C3b, working in concert as a cofactor for factor I in the degradation of C4b and C3b, and consequently preventing or reducing the assembly of C3 convertase and C5 convertase, respectively. C4BP, particularly C4BP α-chain (C4BPα), exerts its unique inhibitory effects on complement activation and opsonization, systemic inflammation, and platelet activation and aggregation. It has long been acknowledged that crosstalk or interplay exists between the complement system and platelets. Our unpublished preliminary data suggest that circulating C4BPα exerts its antiplatelet effects through inhibition of both complement activity levels and complement-induced platelet reactivity. Plasma C4BPα levels appear to be significantly higher in patients sensitive to, rather than resistant to, clopidogrel, and we suggest that a plasma C4BPα measurement could be used to predict clopidogrel resistance in the clinical settings.

Physical Stimulation Methods Developed for In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation Studies of PC12 Cells: A Comprehensive Review.

PC12 cells, which are derived from rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells, are widely used for the study of neuronal differentiation. NGF induces neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells by activating intracellular pathways via the TrkA receptor, which results in elongated neurites and neuron-like characteristics. Moreover, the differentiation requires both the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways. In addition to NGF, BMPs can also induce neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells. BMPs are part of the TGF-ß cytokine superfamily and activate signaling pathways such as p38 MAPK and Smad. However, the brief lifespan of NGF and BMPs may limit their effectiveness in living organisms. Although PC12 cells are used to study the effects of various physical stimuli on neuronal differentiation, the development of new methods and an understanding of the molecular mechanisms are ongoing. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the induction of neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells without relying on NGF, which is already established for electrical, electromagnetic, and thermal stimulation but poses a challenge for mechanical, ultrasound, and light stimulation. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying neuronal differentiation induced by physical stimuli remain largely unknown. Elucidating these mechanisms holds promise for developing new methods for neural regeneration and advancing neuroregenerative medical technologies using neural stem cells.

Risk model for predicting mortality in patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections in the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study is to look into the factors that lead to death in patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections（NSTIs） in the intensive care unit and create a mortality risk model. METHODS: The clinical data of 106 patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections admitted to intensive care unit(ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2008 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate the risk factors impacting patient mortality. The regression coefficient in binary logistic regression analysis was converted into the item score in the model, and then the model score of each patient was calculated. Finally, an ROC curve was constructed to evaluate the efficiency of the model for predicting mortality. Thirteen patients with NSTIs admitted to ICU between January 2022 and November 2022 were used to validate the model. RESULTS: The death group had 44 patients, while the survival group had 62 patients. The overall mortality was 41.5%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for mortality were age≥ 60 years(OR:4.419; 95%CI:1.093-17.862; P = 0.037), creatinine ≥ 132µmol/L(OR:11.166; 95%CI:2.234-55.816; P = 0.003), creatine kinase ≥ 1104 U/L(OR:4.019; 95%CI:1.134-14.250; P = 0.031), prothrombin time ≥ 24.4 s(OR:11.589; 95%CI:2.510-53.506; P = 0.002), and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR:17.404; 95%CI:4.586-66.052; P＜0.000). The AUC of the model for predicting mortality was 0.940 (95% CI:0.894-0.986). When the cut-off value for the model was 4 points, the sensitivity was 95.5% and the specificity was 83.9%. CONCLUSION: The death risk model in this study for NSTIs patients in the intensive care unit shows high sensitivity and specificity. Patients with a score of ≥ 4 points have a higher risk of mortality.

Effect of denture adhesives on masticatory performance: Multicenter randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of denture adhesives on masticatory performance via a 10-center, parallel, randomized, controlled trial of complete denture wearers in Japan. METHODS: The trial was conducted between September 2013 and October 2016. The inclusion criteria were complete edentulism, willingness to undergo new complete denture treatment, and willingness to return for recall treatment. The exclusion criteria were age 90 years or older, presence of severe systemic illness, inability to understand the questionnaires, wearing metal base complete dentures, denture adhesive user, wearing prosthetics for maxillofacial defects, wearing complete dentures with tissue conditioners, and severe xerostomia. Randomization of the powder-type denture adhesive (powder), cream-type denture adhesive (cream), and control (saline) groups was performed using a sealed envelope system. Masticatory performance was measured using color-changeable chewing gum. Intervention blinding was not feasible. RESULTS: Sixty-seven control, 69 powder, and 64 cream participants are analyzed using the intention-to-treat principle. The participants in all groups show significantly improved masticatory performance at post-intervention (paired t-test with Bonferroni correction P < 0.0001). However, no significant difference in masticatory performance is detected among the three groups (one-way analysis of variance). A significant negative correlation between pre- and post-changes in masticatory performance and intraoral condition scores is observed (Pearson's correlation coefficient, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although denture adhesives improved the masticatory performance of complete denture wearers, their clinical effects are comparable to those of saline solution. The use of denture adhesives is more effective in complete denture wearers with unsatisfactory intraoral conditions.

GL13K-modified titanium regulates osteogenic differentiation via the NF-κB pathway.

The osteoimmune response plays a crucial regulatory role in the osseointegration of dental implants. Previous studies found the antimicrobial peptide coating (GL13K) could activate the immunomodulatory potential of macrophages (Raw 264.7) and promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). To further investigate the mechanism of interaction between immunomodulation and differentiation, a co-culture model of the representative cells (Raw 264.7 and BMSCs) was constructed to mimic the immune microenvironment. In this system, GL13K coating of titanium implant effectively inhibited the polarization of the inflammatory M1 type and promoted the polarization of the anti-inflammatory M2 type. Furthermore, the inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway and Mip-2 gene expression were found and validated by bioinformatics analysis and virus-induced gene silencing, which significantly affected the tissue repair process. It can be concluded that the GL13K coating had the potential to establish a localized immune microenvironment conducive to osteogenic differentiation through cellular interactions. Subsequent investigations would be dedicated to a thorough examination of the osseointegration effects of GL13K coating.