Enhancing Personalized Ads Using Interest Category Classification of SNS Users Based on Deep Neural Networks.

The classification and recommendation system for identifying social networking site (SNS) users' interests plays a critical role in various industries, particularly advertising. Personalized advertisements help brands stand out from the clutter of online advertisements while enhancing relevance to consumers to generate favorable responses. Although most user interest classification studies have focused on textual data, the combined analysis of images and texts on user-generated posts can more precisely predict a consumer's interests. Therefore, this research classifies SNS users' interests by utilizing both texts and images. Consumers' interests were defined using the Curlie directory, and various convolutional neural network (CNN)-based models and recurrent neural network (RNN)-based models were tested for our user interest classification system. In our hybrid neural network (NN) model, CNN-based classification models were used to classify images from users' SNS postings while RNN-based classification models were used to classify textual data. The results of our extensive experiments show that the classification of users' interests performed best when using texts and images together, at 96.55%, versus texts only, 41.38%, or images only, 93.1%. Our proposed system provides insights into personalized SNS advertising research and informs marketers on making (1) interest-based recommendations, (2) ranked-order recommendations, and (3) real-time recommendations.

Effect of ZnO nanoparticles aggregation on the toxicity in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage.

Nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) has received much attention due to its biological and medical applications, where detailed knowledge about particle sizing, aggregation propensity and its related hazards are crucial. Herein, the aggregation propensity and dissolution behavior of ZnO nanoparticles in aqueous medium (PBS) were studied as a function of concentration and further correlated with its toxicity in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Fast formation of smaller aggregates having high dissolution rate was observed at low concentration ZnO (LC-ZnO). Compared to high concentration ZnO (HC-ZnO) aggregates, the LC-ZnO aggregates were highly pronounced in terms of reactive oxygen species generation and exerting cell apoptosis, ascribed to the secondary size effect, size-dependent cellular uptake and ion solubility. This study outlines the nanoparticle concentration as a key factor in scaling its aggregation, dissolution tendency and also emphasizes the accounting of ingested nanomaterials long-term fate inside the cells.

A comprehensive in vitro and in vivo study of ZnO nanoparticles toxicity.

Nowadays, the exploration of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) based products is booming in the various directions of bio-nanomedicine and other consumer products, but the comprehensive toxicological impact posed by ZnO NPs still remains unclear. The present study systematically investigates and correlates the toxicity evaluation of ZnO NPs in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages (in vitro) and male ICR mice (in vivo) by two different administration routes, i.e. g.i. and i.p. at different doses. The in vitro studies showed a slight rise in intracellular reactive oxygen species level (ROS), NF-κB transcription factor expression (TF) and NPs uptake at higher dose, indicating the non-toxic nature of ZnO NPs below 100 µg mL-1 doses. The in vivo results demonstrate a slight gain in body weight (BW), reduction in the organ weight, mild to severe pathological alteration in the organs depending upon NP dosage and mode of administration routes. The histopathological investigation suggests that the liver, kidney, lung, spleen, and pancreas may be the target organs for ZnO NPs according to the administration routes. Serum biochemistry assay shows an elevation in the GPT and ALP level, suggesting liver dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the toxic effects of ZnO NPs through i.p. administration. Further, the present work will offer a deeper understanding regarding the toxicology and in vivo behaviours of ZnO NPs in mice depending upon the various administration routes.

Stimulative Effects of Hominis Placental Pharmacopuncture Solution Combined with Zinc-oxide Nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 Cells: ZnO HPPS more easily stimulates RAW 264.7 cells.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to examine whether Hominis Placental pharmacopuncture solution (HPPS) combined with zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) activates RAW 264.7 cells. METHODS: We soaked ZnO nanoparticles in the Hominis Placenta pharmacopuncture solution, thereby making a combined form (ZnO NP HPPS). The effect of ZnO NP HPPS on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. The effect of ZnO NP HPPS on NF-κ B was measured by using a luciferase assay. The effect of ZnO NP HPPS on the cytokine expression was assessed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The cellular uptake of ZnO NP HPPS was measured by using a flow cytometric analysis, and cellular structural alterations were analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: Neither the HPPS nor the ZnO NPs induced intracellular ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells. Neither of the materials activated NF-κ B or it's dependent genes, such as TNF-α, IL-1, and MCP-1. However, ZnO NP HPPS, the combined form of ZnO NPs and HPPS, did induce the intracellular ROS production, as well as prominently activating NF-κ B and it's dependent genes. Also, compared to ZnO NPs, it effectively increased the uptake by RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, cellular structural alterations were observed in groups treated with ZnO NP HPPS. CONCLUSIONS: Neither ZnO NP nor HPPS activated RAW 264.7 cells, which is likely due to a low cellular uptake. The ZnO NP HPPS, however, significantly activated NF-κ B and up-regulated its dependent genes such as TNF-α, IL-1, and MCP-1. ZnO NP HPPS was also more easily taken into the RAW 264.7 cells than either ZnO NP or HPPS.

Transparent, flexible conducting hybrid multilayer thin films of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with graphene nanosheets.

We developed a simple, versatile method of integrating hybrid thin films of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) via LbL assembly. This approach involves the electrostatic interactions of two oppositely charged suspensions of the RGO nanosheet with MWNTs. This method affords a hybrid multilayer of graphenes with excellent control over the optical and electrical properties. Moreover, the hybrid multilayer exhibits a significant increase of electronic conductivity after the thermal treatment, producing transparent and conducting thin films possessing a sheet resistance of 8 kOmega/sq with a transmittance of 81%. By taking advantage of the conducting network structure of MWNTs, which provides an additional flexibility and mechanical stability of RGO nanosheets, we demonstrate the potential application of hybrid graphene multilayer as a highly flexible and transparent electrode. Because of the highly versatile and tunable properties of LbL-assembled thin films, we anticipate that the general concept presented here offers a unique potential platform for integrating active carbon nanomaterials for advanced electronic, energy, and sensor applications.