Glaucoma Detection through a Novel Hyperspectral Imaging Band Selection and Vision Transformer Integration.

Conventional diagnostic methods for glaucoma primarily rely on non-dynamic fundus images and often analyze features such as the optic cup-to-disc ratio and abnormalities in specific retinal locations like the macula and fovea. However, hyperspectral imaging techniques focus on detecting alterations in oxygen saturation within retinal vessels, offering a potentially more comprehensive approach to diagnosis. This study explores the diagnostic potential of hyperspectral imaging for glaucoma by introducing a novel hyperspectral imaging conversion technique. Digital fundus images are transformed into hyperspectral representations, allowing for a detailed analysis of spectral variations. Spectral regions exhibiting differences are identified through spectral analysis, and images are reconstructed from these specific regions. The Vision Transformer (ViT) algorithm is then employed for classification and comparison across selected spectral bands. Fundus images are used to identify differences in lesions, utilizing a dataset of 1291 images. This study evaluates the classification performance of models using various spectral bands, revealing that the 610-780 nm band outperforms others with an accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC all approximately at 0.9007, indicating its superior effectiveness for the task. The RGB model also shows strong performance, while other bands exhibit lower recall and overall metrics. This research highlights the disparities between machine learning algorithms and traditional clinical approaches in fundus image analysis. The findings suggest that hyperspectral imaging, coupled with advanced computational techniques such as the ViT algorithm, could significantly enhance glaucoma diagnosis. This understanding offers insights into the potential transformation of glaucoma diagnostics through the integration of hyperspectral imaging and innovative computational methodologies.

Transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies following immunization with recombinant pertussis vaccines during pregnancy: Real-world evidence.

AIM/OBJECTIVE: This study investigates placental antibody transfer following recombinant pertussis vaccination in pregnancy in a real-world setting. METHODS: This postmarketing observational study recruited pregnant women vaccinated with monovalent recombinant acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine (aPgen; n = 199) or combined to tetanus-diphtheria (TdaPgen; n = 200), or Td-vaccine only (n = 54). Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes were assessed. Cord blood was collected postdelivery and pertussis toxin (PT)-IgG, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)-IgG, and PT-neutralizing antibodies (PT-Nab) were assessed. RESULTS: No adverse pregnancy, delivery, or neonatal outcomes attributed to aPgen, TdaPgen, or Td vaccination were reported. High anti-PT antibody levels were detected in cord samples from women vaccinated with aPgen (geometric mean concentration [GMC] PT-IgG 206.1 IU/ml, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 164.3-258.6; geometric mean titer [GMT] PT-Nab 105.3 IU/ml, 95% CI: 81.7-135.8) or TdaPgen (GMC PT-IgG 153.1 IU/ml, 95% CI: 129.1-181.5; GMT PT-Nab 81.5 IU/ml, 95% CI: 66.4-100.0). In the Td-only group, anti-PT antibodies were low (GMC PT-IgG 6.5 IU/ml, 95% CI: 4.9-8.8; GMT PT-Nab 3.8 IU/ml, 95% CI: 2.8-5.1). The same was found for FHA-IgG. Recombinant pertussis vaccination at <27 or 27-36 weeks gestation induced similar cord pertussis antibody levels. CONCLUSION: This first real-world study confirms that recombinant pertussis vaccination in the second or third trimester of pregnancy results in high levels of passive immunity in infants. Thai Clinical Trial Registry: TCTR20200528006.

Identification of Skin Lesions by Snapshot Hyperspectral Imaging.

This study pioneers the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the diagnosis of skin cancer lesions, particularly focusing on Mycosis fungoides (MF) and its differentiation from psoriasis (PsO) and atopic dermatitis (AD). By utilizing a comprehensive dataset of 1659 skin images, including cases of MF, PsO, AD, and normal skin, a novel multi-frame AI algorithm was used for computer-aided diagnosis. The automatic segmentation and classification of skin lesions were further explored using advanced techniques, such as U-Net Attention models and XGBoost algorithms, transforming images from the color space to the spectral domain. The potential of AI and HSI in dermatological diagnostics was underscored, offering a noninvasive, efficient, and accurate alternative to traditional methods. The findings are particularly crucial for early-stage invasive lesion detection in MF, showcasing the model's robust performance in segmenting and classifying lesions and its superior predictive accuracy validated through k-fold cross-validation. The model attained its optimal performance with a k-fold cross-validation value of 7, achieving a sensitivity of 90.72%, a specificity of 96.76%, an F1-score of 90.08%, and an ROC-AUC of 0.9351. This study marks a substantial advancement in dermatological diagnostics, thereby contributing significantly to the early and precise identification of skin malignancies and inflammatory conditions.

Preparing Well for Esophageal Endoscopic Detection Using a Hybrid Model and Transfer Learning.

Early detection of esophageal cancer through endoscopic imaging is pivotal for effective treatment. However, the intricacies of endoscopic diagnosis, contingent on the physician's expertise, pose challenges. Esophageal cancer features often manifest ambiguously, leading to potential confusions with other inflammatory esophageal conditions, thereby complicating diagnostic accuracy. In recent times, computer-aided diagnosis has emerged as a promising solution in medical imaging, particularly within the domain of endoscopy. Nonetheless, contemporary AI-based diagnostic models heavily rely on voluminous data sources, limiting their applicability, especially in scenarios with scarce datasets. To address this limitation, our study introduces novel data training strategies based on transfer learning, tailored to optimize performance with limited data. Additionally, we propose a hybrid model integrating EfficientNet and Vision Transformer networks to enhance prediction accuracy. Conducting rigorous evaluations on a carefully curated dataset comprising 1002 endoscopic images (comprising 650 white-light images and 352 narrow-band images), our model achieved exceptional outcomes. Our combined model achieved an accuracy of 96.32%, precision of 96.44%, recall of 95.70%, and f1-score of 96.04%, surpassing state-of-the-art models and individual components, substantiating its potential for precise medical image classification. The AI-based medical image prediction platform presents several advantageous characteristics, encompassing superior prediction accuracy, a compact model size, and adaptability to low-data scenarios. This research heralds a significant stride in the advancement of computer-aided endoscopic imaging for improved esophageal cancer diagnosis.

Detection of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy via Hyperspectral and Deep Learning through Ophthalmoscope Images.

Hydroxychloroquine, also known as quinine, is primarily utilized to manage various autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren's syndrome. However, this drug has side effects, including diarrhea, blurred vision, headache, skin itching, poor appetite, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Blurred vision is caused by irreversible retinal damages and can only be mitigated by reducing hydroxychloroquine dosage or discontinuing the drug under a physician's supervision. In this study, color fundus images were utilized to identify differences in lesions caused by hydroxychloroquine. A total of 176 color fundus images were captured from a cohort of 91 participants, comprising 25 patients diagnosed with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy and 66 individuals without any retinopathy. The mean age of the participants was 75.67 ± 7.76. Following the selection of a specific region of interest within each image, hyperspectral conversion technology was employed to obtain the spectrum of the sampled image. Spectral analysis was then conducted to discern differences between normal and hydroxychloroquine-induced lesions that are imperceptible to the human eye on the color fundus images. We implemented a deep learning model to detect lesions, leveraging four artificial neural networks (ResNet50, Inception_v3, GoogLeNet, and EfficientNet). The overall accuracy of ResNet50 reached 93% for the original images (ORIs) and 96% for the hyperspectral images (HSIs). The overall accuracy of Inception_v3 was 87% for ORIs and 91% for HSI, and that of GoogLeNet was 88% for ORIs and 91% for HSIs. Finally, EfficientNet achieved an overall accuracy of 94% for ORIs and 97% for HSIs.

Large area MoS2 thin film growth by direct sulfurization.

In this study, we present the growth of monolayer MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide) film. Mo (molybdenum) film was formed on a sapphire substrate through e-beam evaporation, and triangular MoS2 film was grown by direct sulfurization. First, the growth of MoS2 was observed under an optical microscope. The number of MoS2 layers was analyzed by Raman spectrum, atomic force microscope (AFM), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) measurement. Different sapphire substrate regions have different growth conditions of MoS2. The growth of MoS2 is optimized by controlling the amount and location of precursors, adjusting the appropriate growing temperature and time, and establishing proper ventilation. Experimental results show the successful growth of a large-area single-layer MoS2 on a sapphire substrate through direct sulfurization under a suitable environment. The thickness of the MoS2 film determined by AFM measurement is about 0.73 nm. The peak difference between the Raman measurement shift of 386 and 405 cm-1 is 19.1 cm-1, and the peak of PL measurement is about 677 nm, which is converted into energy of 1.83 eV, which is the size of the direct energy gap of the MoS2 thin film. The results verify the distribution of the number of grown layers. Based on the observation of the optical microscope (OM) images, MoS2 continuously grows from a single layer of discretely distributed triangular single-crystal grains into a single-layer large-area MoS2 film. This work provides a reference for growing MoS2 in a large area. We expect to apply this structure to various heterojunctions, sensors, solar cells, and thin-film transistors.

Detection of weak micro-scratches on aspherical lenses using a Gabor neural network and transfer learning.

Surface defect detection is a crucial step in ensuring the quality of lenses. One method to check for surface defects is to use an optical system integrated with an industrial camera to magnify and highlight the position of a defect on the surface of a lens. Therefore, automatic optical inspection systems are applied to detect micro-defects. In this study, we propose an automatic inspection platform based on a deep neural network for automatically imaging and examining the surface of a lens. High-resolution images of 2448×2048 pixels are acquired using a hybrid lighting system. A convolutional neural network integrated with a trainable Gabor filter is used as a machine vision algorithm to perform image classification and defect segmentation tasks. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively performed with noise in the background, achieving a segmentation accuracy of 98%.

Design of a Functional Eye Dressing for Treatment of the Vitreous Floater.

With the rapid development of display technology, related diseases of the human eye are also increasing day by day. Eye floaters are one of the diseases that affect humans. Herein, we present a functional ophthalmic dressing that can permeate the skin tissues of the eyes through oxygen and hydrogen to improve the symptoms of floaters. In clinical tests, the symptoms of sensory floaters improved in 28 patients, and the recovery rates of mild, moderate, and severe floaters were about 70%, 66.7%, and 83.3%, respectively.

Reassessing the most popularly suggested measurement models and measurement invariance of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - human service survey among Vietnamese healthcare professionals.

BACKGROUND: Despite its popularity, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS)'s factorial structure has been subject to considerable debate, and its measurement invariance (MI) is seldomly examined. This cross-sectional study aims at reassessing the most popularly suggested structures of this instrument, namely the 20- and 22-item three-factor model on Vietnamese healthcare professionals. It also examines the MI of MBI-HSS across genders, occupations, and mental health conditions. METHOD: Self-administered questionnaires were sent out to 1500 doctors and nurses working at 15 hospitals in big cities in Vietnam in September and October 2020, and 1162 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire consists of three sets of questions covering (1) demographic information of participants; (2) MBI-HSS questionnaire; and (3) The 21-item version of the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. MBI-HSS scale was validated on Vietnamese sample for the first time; therefore, we used the repeated forward-backward procedure to translate this scale into Vietnamese. To examine which model best fits the data, a series of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test the model fit of correlated three-factor model, second-order hierarchical model, and bi-factor model. The reliability of the MBI-HSS was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficients. Then, multiple-group CFA (MGCFA) was applied to determine whether the MBI-HSS has a similar structure between groups different in gender, occupation, and mental health condition. RESULTS: Our findings confirmed that the 22-item MBI-HSS best fit the data, and this scale measures three distinct but related aspects of burnout, including Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. The MI of MBI-HSS across genders and occupations was also confirmed. However, data did not fit well with group at risk for common mental health disorders. It can be concluded that the Vietnamese version of MBI-HSS is a valid measure to assess burnout level of healthcare professionals in Vietnam who are not at risk for mental health disorders.

A phase 2 randomized controlled dose-ranging trial of recombinant pertussis booster vaccines containing genetically inactivated pertussis toxin in women of childbearing age.

BACKGROUND: A phase 2 randomized-controlled safety and immunogenicity trial evaluating different doses of recombinant acellular pertussis vaccine containing genetically-inactivated pertussis toxin (PTgen) was conducted in women of childbearing age in Thailand to identify formulations to advance to a trial in pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 250 women were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to receive one dose of one of three investigational vaccines including low-dose recombinant pertussis-only vaccine containing 1 µg PTgen and 1 µg FHA (ap1gen), tetanus, reduced-dose diphtheria (Td) combined to ap1gen (Tdap1gen) or combined to recombinant pertussis containing 2 µg PTgen and 5 µg FHA (Tdap2gen), or one dose of licensed recombinant TdaP vaccine containing 5 µg PTgen and 5 µg FHA (Boostagen®, TdaP5gen) or licensed Tdap vaccine containing 8 µg of chemically inactivated pertussis toxoid (PTchem), 8 µg FHA, and 2.5 µg pertactin (PRN) (BoostrixTM, Tdap8chem). Serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against vaccine antigens were measured before and 28 days after vaccination by ELISA. To advance to a trial in pregnant women, formulations had to induce a PT-IgG seroresponse rate with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) lower limit of ≥ 50%. RESULTS: Between 5 and 22 July 2018, a total of 250 women with median age of 31 years were enrolled. Post-vaccination PT-IgG seroresponse rates were 92% (95% CI 81-98) for ap1gen, 88% (95% CI 76-95) for Tdap1gen, 80% (95% CI 66-90) for Tdap2gen, 94% (95% CI 83-99) for TdaP5gen, and 78% (95% CI 64-88) for Tdap8chem. Frequencies of injection site and systemic reactions were comparable between the groups. No serious adverse events were reported during the 28-day post-vaccination period. CONCLUSIONS: All recombinant acellular pertussis vaccines were safe and immunogenic in women of childbearing age, and all met pre-defined immunogenicity criteria to advance to a trial in pregnant women. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Thai Clinical Trial Registry, TCTR20180321004.

Antibody persistence 2 and 3 years after booster vaccination of adolescents with recombinant acellular pertussis monovalent aPgen or combined TdaPgen vaccines.

BACKGROUND: Recombinant pertussis vaccines inducing long-lasting immune responses could help to control the rise in pertussis. We here report on persisting antibody responses 2 and 3 years after booster vaccination with a new generation recombinant acellular pertussis vaccine. METHODS: Participants of a phase 2/3 randomised-controlled clinical trial with a monovalent pertussis vaccine containing genetically inactivated pertussis toxin (aPgen) or its tetanus and diphtheria toxoids combination (TdaPgen), or a chemically detoxified comparator vaccine (Tdapchem), (originally conducted between July and August 2015) were invited to participate in observational studies of persisting antibody responses 2 and 3 years after vaccination. Serum IgG against pertussis toxin (PT-IgG) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA-IgG) were assessed by ELISA, and PT-neutralising antibodies (PT-Nab) by Chinese Hamster Ovary cell assay. FINDINGS: Waning of antibodies stabilised in aPgen and TdaPgen vaccinees 2 and 3 years after vaccination. Three years post-vaccination PT-neutralising antibodies remained 4·6-fold (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2·6-8·1) and 3·7-fold (95% CI 2·2-6·1) higher, PT-IgG antibodies 3·0-fold (95% CI 2·2-4·1) and 2·5-fold (95% CI 1·9-3·3) higher, and FHA-IgG antibodies 1·8-fold (95% CI 1·3-2·5) and 1·6-fold (95% CI 1·2-2·1) higher than baseline in aPgen and TdaPgen recipients, respectively. In the Tdapchem group, PT-neutralising and PT-IgG and FHA-IgG antibodies were back at baseline levels 2 years post-vaccination. Three years post-vaccination seroconversion rates for PT-neutralising antibodies were 65·0% (95% CI 44·1-85·9) and 55·0% (95% CI 33·2-76·8) in aPgen and TdaPgen recipients, respectively. INTERPRETATION: Considering the persistence of elevated antibody responses 3 years post-booster vaccination, genetically detoxified monovalent aPgen and TdaPgen vaccines can be expected to induce longer-lasting protection than chemically inactivated Tdap vaccines. FUNDING: BioNet-Asia.

The mediating role of self-compassion between proactive coping and perceived stress among students.

Proactive coping has been documented as a significant predictor of perceived stress. When facing stressful events, the more individuals use proactive coping strategies, the lower their stress level will be. However, there is still little research of possible latent factors participating in this relationship to explain how proactive coping can reduce of perceived stress, directly and indirectly. This study aimed to examine whether self-compassion can mediate the relationship between proactive coping and perceived stress among students. In a cross-sectional study carried out in 2019, we invited 384 undergraduate students in Hanoi (Vietnam) to voluntarily complete a self-report questionnaire that measured proactive coping, self-compassion and perceived stress scale. Results showed that proactive coping was positively related to level of self-compassion, and both proactive coping and self-compassion were negatively related to stress scores. The effect of proactive coping on stress was eliminated when self-compassion was controlled, showing the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between proactive coping and perceived stress score. Furthermore, among six factors contributing to the concept of self-compassion, data documented mediating role of "self-kindness,""self-judgment," and "mindfulness" while no mediating role of "common humanity,""isolation," and "over-identification" was observed. Among three mediating factors, mindfulness appeared to be the most important factor explaining the relationship between proactive coping and perceived stress. These results consolidate existing literature of the protective role of self-compassion on psychological health, and hence provide more support for the application of self-compassion, especially of mindfulness, in working with people with stress.

Ancestral Haplotype Retention and Population Expansion Determine the Complicated Population Genetic Structure of the Hilly Lineage of Neolucanus swinhoei Complex (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) on the Subtropical Taiwan Island.

The present study demonstrates that the complicated genetic structure of the hilly lineage of the Neolucanus swinhoei complex was driven by its biological features and habitat requirements as well as hindrance by the CMR during periodical Pleistocene glaciations. The results revealed a tendency of geographical differentiation and major and sub- lineage divergences before and after the Riss glaciation, followed by stable population growth during Würm glaciation. At least four refugia were inferred for N. swinhoei during the Riss-Würm glaciations. The ancestral haplotype retention in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and compensated substitution in 16S rRNA gene is a possible evolutionary scenario resulting in the inconsistent evolution pattern between COI and 16S rRNA gene coupled with the long-distance dispersal of N. swinhoei. Although the CMR did hinder the dispersal of N. swinhoei, its ancestors may have dispersed to eastern Taiwan through the northern and southern low mountains of the CMR before the Riss glaciation. Our finding suggests that the population growth in the Würm glaciation led a dispersal back to western Taiwan, which is contrast to the more common dispersal scenario from western Taiwan to eastern populations proposed in other studies.

Characteristics of P-Type and N-Type Photoelectrochemical Biosensors: A Case Study for Esophageal Cancer Detection.

P-type and N-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors were established in the laboratory to discuss the correlation between characteristic substances and photoactive material properties through the photogenerated charge carrier transport mechanism. Four types of human esophageal cancer cells (ECCs) were analyzed without requiring additional bias voltage. Photoelectrical characteristics were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy, and photocurrent response analyses. Results showed that smaller photocurrent was measured in cases with advanced cancer stages. Glutathione (L-glutathione reduced, GSH) and Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in cancer cells carry out redox reactions during carrier separation, which changes the photocurrent. The sensor can identify ECC stages with a certain level of photoelectrochemical response. The detection error can be optimized by adjusting the number of cells, and the detection time of about 5 min allowed repeated measurement.

The outcomes of three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (3F-PCC) in warfarin anticoagulation reversal: a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicentre study.

There is a wide variation on the efficacy of three-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (3F-PCC) in warfarin reversal. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of 3F-PCC in warfarin reversal. This multicentre prospective study analysed data from adult patients on warfarin who received 3F-PCC (Prothrombinex-VF®) for anticoagulation reversal between June 2019 to October 2020. Purposive sampling was used in this study. Study endpoints included target INR achievement, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and in-hospital all-cause mortality. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess independent predictors of study endpoints. One-hundred thirty-seven patients with a median age of 68 (59-76) years were recruited, who were predominantly male (59.9%, n = 82). A total of 102 patients required 3F-PCC for life-threatening (40.9%, n = 56) and clinically significant bleeding (33.6%, n = 46). Initial INRs ranged from 1.55 to undetectable high (> 26). All patients had INR reduction, of which 62% (n = 85) achieved target INR, whereas 12.4% (n = 17) achieved INR below the target range. Median INR was reduced from 4.76 (3.14-8.32) to 1.54 (1.27-1.88) post-3F-PCC (p < 0.001). The use of adjunctive reversal agents and initial INR < 3.6 were the significant predictors for target INR achievement. Six (4.4%) ADRs were observed. Two (1.5%) cases with the suspected acute coronary syndrome were associated with mortality. Ischemic stroke occurred in one (0.7%) patient. The incidence of in-hospital all-cause mortality was 21.2% (n = 29). The rate of INR achievement was 62% in our study without apparent increased risk of thromboembolic events and in-hospital all-cause mortality.

A qualitative exploration of enablers for hepatitis B clinical management among ethnic Chinese in Australia.

An estimated 18% of people living with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Australia were born in China. While guideline-based care, including regular clinical monitoring and timely treatment, prevent CHB-related cirrhosis, cancer and deaths, over three-quarters of people with CHB do not receive guideline-based care in Australia. This qualitative study aimed to identify enablers to engagement in CHB clinical management among ethnic Chinese people attending specialist care. Participants self-identified as of Chinese ethnicity and who attended specialist care for CHB clinical management were interviewed in Melbourne in 2019 (n = 30). Semi-structured interviews covered experiences of diagnosis and engagement in clinical management services, and advice for people living with CHB. Interviews were recorded with consent; data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Receiving clear information about the availability of treatment and/or the necessity of long-term clinical management were the main enablers for participants to engage in CHB clinical management. Additional enablers identified to maintain regular clinical monitoring included understanding CHB increases risks of cirrhosis and liver cancer, using viral load indicators to visualize disease status in patient-doctor communication; expectations from family, peer group and medical professionals; use of a patient recall system; availability of interpreters or multilingual doctors; and largely subsidized healthcare services. In conclusion, to support people attending clinical management for CHB, a holistic response from community, healthcare providers and the public health sector is required. There are needs for public health programmes directed to communicate (i) CHB-related complications; (ii) availability of effective and cheap treatment; and that (iii) long-term engagement with clinical management and its benefits.

Identification of Skin Lesions by Using Single-Step Multiframe Detector.

An artificial intelligence algorithm to detect mycosis fungoides (MF), psoriasis (PSO), and atopic dermatitis (AD) is demonstrated. Results showed that 10 s was consumed by the single shot multibox detector (SSD) model to analyze 292 test images, among which 273 images were correctly detected. Verification of ground truth samples of this research come from pathological tissue slices and OCT analysis. The SSD diagnosis accuracy rate was 93%. The sensitivity values of the SSD model in diagnosing the skin lesions according to the symptoms of PSO, AD, MF, and normal were 96%, 80%, 94%, and 95%, and the corresponding precision were 96%, 86%, 98%, and 90%. The highest sensitivity rate was found in MF probably because of the spread of cancer cells in the skin and relatively large lesions of MF. Many differences were found in the accuracy between AD and the other diseases. The collected AD images were all in the elbow or arm and other joints, the area with AD was small, and the features were not obvious. Hence, the proposed SSD could be used to identify the four diseases by using skin image detection, but the diagnosis of AD was relatively poor.

New genera, new species and new records of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Vietnam.

Recent collecting in northern Vietnam yielded specimens of several new leafhopper species, two of which represent new monotypic genera, and several additional species not previously recorded from Vietnam. The two new genera (Hochiminus n. gen. and Pseudocestius n. gen.) and 15 new species (Abrus digitatus n. sp., Aeternus ninhbinhensis n. sp., Drabescoides bispinosa n. sp., Tenompoella vietnamensis n. sp., Uzelina (Uzelina) vietnamensis sp. n., Hochiminhus tamdaoensis n. sp., Pseudocestius cucphuongensis n. sp., Phlogothamnus pseudorugosus n. sp., Scaphoidella albopunctata n. sp., Bundera onukiiformis n. sp., Carinata arcuata n. sp., Traiguma hamocauda n. sp., Signoretia tamdaoensis n. sp., Amrasca (Quartasca) curvata n. sp., Amrasca (Quartasca) excavata n. sp.) are described and illustrated and comparative notes are provided. An additional 28 species representing 20 genera are newly recorded from Vietnam. Most of the latter were previously recorded only from southern China. The enigmatic species, Tardrabassus pakneunensis Dai Dietrich, previously known from two males collected in Laos in 1918, is newly recorded from Vietnam based on recently collected female specimens. The ovipositor structure of the female confirms placement of Tardrabassus in Iassinae. The female pregenital sternite and ovipositor of Hamulotettix ungulatus Dai Zhang are also illustrated for the first time. A new synonymy is also proposed: Ujna consors Distant, 1908 equals Mileewa puerana Yang Meng, 2010, n. syn.

Enhanced post-licensure safety surveillance of a new recombinant acellular pertussis vaccine licensed as a monovalent (aP, Pertagen®) and tetanus, reduced-dose diphtheria combination (TdaP, Boostagen®) vaccine for immunization of adolescents and adults in Thailand.

A new generation of recombinant acellular pertussis vaccine containing genetically inactivated pertussis toxin (PTgen) was licensed as a monovalent pertussis vaccine (aPgen; Pertagen®) and in combination with tetanus and reduced-dose diphtheria (TdaPgen; Boostagen®) for active immunization in individuals aged 11 years and older in Thailand in 2016. We here report post-marketing safety data on the use of the vaccines in individuals in the community obtained through active pharmacovigilance surveillance including pregnant women participating in a prospective observational study. Between May 2017 and February 2020 for TdaPgen and between June 2018 and February 2020 for aPgen, participating health care providers vaccinated and collected safety data for 11,429 exposed adolescents and adults. This included 1778 pregnant women. The incidence rate of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) was 11.5 per 1000 of vaccinated individuals (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 9.7-13.6). AEFIs mostly concerned local pain at the injection site and muscle pain, and symptoms were mild and mostly resolved within a few days with no complications. The incidence rate of AEFIs in women vaccinated during pregnancy was 1.1 per 1000 (95% CI 0.3-4.1). Of 833 pregnant women vaccinated with recombinant aPgen or TdaPgen, 91.4% (95% CI 89.3-93.3) had uncomplicated pregnancies and 98.7% (95% CI 97.7-99.4) of the 855 babies delivered by these women were born healthy, which exceeds rates generally reported in Thailand. There were no vaccine-related serious adverse events reported during the surveillance period. In conclusion, active pharmacovigilance confirms that the recombinant pertussis vaccines aPgen (Pertagen) and TdaPgen (Boostagen) are safe in adolescents and adults, including pregnant women vaccinated in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.

New genus and species of Leptopsaltriini (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae) from China and Vietnam, with colour-changing behaviour reported for the first time in Cicadoidea.

One new cicada genus Versicolora gen. nov. and two new species, V. ziyongi sp. nov. from China and V. bellula sp. nov. from China and Vietnam, are described. The new genus is placed in the tribe Leptopsaltriini of the subfamily Cicadinae. The relationship of this new genus to other related taxa is discussed. Versicolora ziyongi sp. nov. camouflages itself on the bark of the host-plants and gradually changes its body colour when captured. This colour-changing behaviour is recorded for the first time in Cicadoidea, which provides innovative information for ecomorphological study of this remarkable species and other cicadas that potentially exhibit this behaviour.