Stock Assessment of the Commercial Small Pelagic Fishes in the Beibu Gulf, the South China Sea, 2006-2020.

Long-term variations in population structure, growth, mortality, exploitation rate, and recruitment pattern of two major commercial small pelagic fishes (CSPFs) (Decapterus maruadsi and Trachurus japonicus) are reported based on bottom trawl survey data collected during 2006-2020 in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. All individuals collected during each sampling quarter over a period of 15 years were subjected to laboratory-based analysis. In this study, the stock of D. maruadsi and T. japonicus inhabiting the Beibu Gulf was assessed using length-based methods (bootstrapped electronic length frequency analysis (ELEFAN)) to complete stock assessment in different fishery management periods (the division of fisheries management periods was based on China's input and output in the South China Sea offshore fisheries over 15 years, specifically divided into period I (2006-2010), period II (2011-2015), and period III (2016-2020)). The results showed that the mean body length, dominant body size, and estimated asymptotic length of two CSPFs decreased, whereas their growth coefficient decreased, indicating miniaturization and slower growth, respectively. Estimated exploitation rates and catching body length for two CSPFs indicated that both stocks in the Beibu Gulf were overexploited in period I and moderately exploited after 2011. These stocks were taking a good turn in status in period III, with the exploitation rate much lower than the initial period and reversing the downward trend in catching body length. Furthermore, the variations in the spawning season of the two CSPF stocks and their barely satisfactory expected yield indicated the complexity of the current fishery management in the Beibu Gulf. These results suggest that management measures to reduce fishing pressure may have a positive influence on the biological characteristics of those CSPFs in the Beibu Gulf; however, the stock structure already affected by overfishing will be a huge challenge for the conservation and restoration of fisheries resources in the future. Given that the current stocks of D. maruadsi and T. japonicus in the Beibu Gulf still have low first-capture body length (Lc) and high fishing mortality (F) (compared to F0.1), we identify a need to refine population structure by controlling fishing efforts and increasing catchable size, and more consideration should be given to the local fishery resource status in fisheries management.

Electrochemical oxidation of tetrahydrofurfuryl acohol on boron-doped diamond anode: Influence of current density and electrolyte solution.

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a widely applied raw materials, intermediate and solvent in the fields of agricultural, industry (especially in nuclear industry), is a potentially hazardous and non-biodegradable pollutant in wastewater. In this study, the electrochemical degradation pathways of THFA by a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode with different current density (jappl = 20, 40 and 60 mA cm-2) and electrolyte solution (KNO3, KCl and K2SO4) was carefully investigated. The results exhibit that high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and mineralization rates were achieved by rapid non-selective oxidation in electrolyte solutions mediated by hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) and active chlorine (sulfate) under constant current electrolysis. In-depth data analysis using the high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy, the underlying removal pathways of THFA in KNO3, KCl and K2SO4 electrolyte solutions are proposed according to the effect of different mineralization mechanisms.

The correlation between dietary inflammatory index and risk of hyperuricemia in the U.S. population.

The dietary inflammatory index (DII) has been reported to be related to chronic diseases as a novel inflammatory marker. However, the correlation between DII score and hyperuricemia in adults in the United States is still unclear. Therefore, our goal was to explore the correlation between them. A total of 19,004 adults were enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018. DII score was calculated according to 28 dietary items obtained by 24-hour dietary interview data. Hyperuricemia was defined by serum uric acid level. We used multilevel logistic regression models and subgroup analysis to determine whether the 2 were associated. DII scores were positively associated with serum uric acid and the risk of hyperuricemia. Per unit increased in DII score was associated with a 3 mmol/L increase in serum uric acid in males (ß 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.05-3.94) and 0.92mmol/L in females (ß 0.92, 95% CI 0.07-1.77), respectively. Compared with the lowest tertile of DII score, the rise of DII grade increased the risk of hyperuricemia among the whole participants (T2: odds ratio (OR) 1.14, 95% CI 1.03, 1.27; T3: OR 1.20 [1.07, 1.34], P for trend = .0012) and males [T2: 1.15 (0.99, 1.33), T3: 1.29 (1.11, 1.50), P for trend = .0008]. For females, the correlation between DII score and hyperuricemia was statistically significant in the subgroup stratified by body mass index (BMI) (BMI < 30, OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14, P for interaction = .0134), which indicates that the association depends on BMI. In the United States male population, the DII score has a positive correlation with hyperuricemia. Anti-inflammatory dietary intake can be beneficial for lower serum uric acid.

Sanqi Qushi Granule Alleviates Proteinuria and Podocyte Damage in NS Rat: A Network Pharmacology Study and in vivo Experimental Validation.

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) and its numerous complications remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Sanqi Qushi granule (SQG) is clinically effective in NS. However, its potential mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Methods: A network pharmacology approach was employed in this study. Based on oral bioavailability and drug-likeness, potential active ingredients were picked out. After acquiring overlapping targets for drug genes and disease-related genes, a component-target-disease network and protein-protein interaction analysis (PPI) were constructed using Cytoscape, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Adriamycin was injected into adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via the tail vein to establish NS model. Kidney histology, 24-hr urinary protein level, creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) level were assessed. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining were applied. Results: In total, 144 latent targets in SQG acting on NS were screened by a network pharmacology study, containing AKT, Bax, and Bcl-2. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that PI3K/AKT pathway was enriched primarily. In vivo validation results revealed that SQG intervention ameliorated urine protein level and podocyte lesions in the NS model. Moreover, SQG therapy significantly inhibited renal cells apoptosis and decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression. Moreover, we found that Caspase-3 regulated the PI3K/AKT pathway in NS rats, which mediated the anti-apoptosis effect. Conclusion: By combining network pharmacology with experimental verification in vivo, this work confirmed the treatment efficacy of SQG for NS. SQG protected podocyte from injury and inhibited kidney apoptosis in NS rats via the PI3K/AKT pathway at least partially.

The efficacy and safety of Sanqi Qushi Granule in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy --protocol of a multicenter, randomized control trial (SQ-AUTUMN).

BACKGROUND: Adult nephropathy is mainly caused by idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). In cases of proteinuria, Modified Ponticelli Regimens (MPR) are often successful. However, it can cause adverse side effects. Oral Sanqi Qushi Granule (SQG) with MPR is effective in patients with IMN. However, whether it can improve the remission rate of IMN and shorten the remission time is unknown. In this trial, SQG with MPR on IMN will be evaluated clinically for its efficacy and safety. METHODS: We will randomly assign IMN patients who meet the criteria to receives SQG plus cyclical Cyclophosphamide (CTX)/steroids or with placebo plus cyclical CTX/steroids for 6 months. A 12-month follow-up will be conducted on them. Status of remission will be used to assess treatment efficacy. DISCUSSION: This study aims to appraise whether treatment with SQG plus cyclical CTX/steroids is superior to placebo plus cyclical CTX/steroids in the remission rate of patients with adult IMN. Adverse events of SQG plus MPR will be also evaluated for further researches about Chinese Medicine and MPR on whether it can improve the remission rate of IMN in half a year and shorten the remission time and relieve adverse effects will also be clarified. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200061953 . Registered on 13 July 2022.

[Investigation on the early evolution of "heart dominating pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin"].

The evolution from "vessel dominated by heart" of "heart dominating pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin" was sorted out. It was the process in which the heart concept was understood from two aspects rather than from one. The statement, "heart dominating pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin" is originated from Chapter Ten of Lingshu (The Spiritual Pivot). But such pericardium meridian has not be mentioned in the early bamboo slip and silk, i.e. Zubi Shiyimai Jiujing (Moxibustion Classics of Eleven Meridians of Legs and Arms) and Yinyang Shiyimai Jiujing (Moxibustion Classic on Eleven Yin and Yang Meridians). "Twelve meridians" unearthed from Laoguanshan is named as the trajectory of "vessel dominated by heart", which was originally recorded for the diseases of heart system. In later evolution, in order to match three hand yin meridians with two organs in the upper jiao, the ancient physicians proposed the theory as heart dominating meridian, "enveloping heart system" "heart being not be attacked by pathogens" and "pathogen attacking the vessel covered around heart" along with following the records of "twelve meridians" unearthed from Laoguanshan, i.e heart dominating heart system and hand-shaoyin entering heart. Hence, it stands to reason that heart matches with shaoyin and the acupoints are selected from the meridian dominated by heart. In this evolution process, "pericardium" is generated and becomes the third organ in the upper jiao, thus the meridian dominated by heart is named as "hand-jueyin meridian".