ABSTRACT
Robotic assisted laparoscopy pyeloplasty (RALP) has been associated with shorter recovery, less pain and improved cosmesis. To minimize visible scars, the hidden incision endoscopic surgery (HIdES) trocar placement has been previously developed. Our aim was to compare outcomes between the HIdES and traditional port placement (TPP) for pediatric RALP. A retrospective study was performed on patients under 15 years of age who underwent RALP at a single institution between August 2011 and November 2013. Patient demographics, intraoperative details, narcotic administration, and complications were reviewed. A total of 49 patients were identified (29 in HIdES, 20 in TPP). There was no difference in median age (p = 0.77) or median height (p = 0.88) between the two groups. Median operative time was 180 min for HIdES and 194 min for TPP (p = 0.27). Eleven patients (11/29, 37.9%) in the HIdES group and fourteen patients (14/20, 70%) in the TPP group received postoperative narcotics (p < 0.05). Median follow-up was 42 months for HIdES and 41 months for TPP (p = 0.96). There were two complications (2/29, 6.9%) with HIdES, and one complication (1/20, 5.0%) with TPP (p = 1.00). The success rates were 96.6% (28/29) for HIdES and 100% (20/20) for TPP (p = 1.00). HIdES trocar placement for pediatric robotic pyeloplasty is a safe and viable alternative to TPP. HIdES is comparable to TPP regarding operative time, narcotic administration, hospital stay, and complication rate, without compromising success.
Subject(s)
Endoscopy/methods , Kidney Pelvis/surgery , Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cicatrix/prevention & control , Endoscopy/adverse effects , Endoscopy/instrumentation , Female , Humans , Hydronephrosis/surgery , Infant , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Operative Time , Postoperative Care/methods , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Robotic Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Surgical InstrumentsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Isolation of high-quality RNA from tissue is mandatory for producing reliable data for downstream applications. In heart tissue, the relative strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to isolate total RNA are unknown. The objective of this study was to compare different RNA isolation methods in healthy and diseased human myocardium. METHODS: Frozen left ventricular myocardium was obtained from individuals with heart failure and individuals who died from non-cardiac causes with normal heart function (control). Three extraction methods, including guanidine isothiocyanate (TRIzol), silica-gel column (RNeasy), and the combination method (TRIzol/RNeasy), were assessed for their effect on the yield, integrity, and gene expression levels of RNA using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: In the control group (n=5), the highest RNA yield per tissue mass was obtained with TRIzol, and a significantly higher RNA integrity was obtained from the RNeasy method. The quantification cycle (Cq) values for both the reference gene GAPDH and two target genes were lower with TRIzol. Normalization by GAPDH showed the highest gene expression levels with RNeasy. Similar patterns were observed in the heart failure group (n=5), suggesting assays were not negatively impacted by myocardial disease processes. CONCLUSION: In both healthy and diseased heart tissue, the TRIzol method provides the highest RNA yield, while the RNeasy method shows superior RNA integrity, demonstrating comparable RNA quality in studies examining myocardial disease. A balanced approach to RNA quality is necessary for the successful downstream applications of RNA.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure/pathology , Heart Ventricles/chemistry , RNA/isolation & purification , Cryopreservation , Gene Expression Profiling , Guanidines/chemistry , Heart Failure/genetics , Heart Ventricles/pathology , Humans , Isothiocyanates/chemistry , Male , RNA/analysis , RNA Stability , Silica Gel/chemistryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although single- and paired-pulse (sp/pp) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies are considered minimal risk in adults and children, the safety profile for theta-burst TMS (TBS) is unknown. OBJECTIVE: In this comparative analysis, we explored the rate, severity, and specific symptoms of TMS-related adverse effects (AEs) between sp/ppTMS and TBS in subjects between ages 6 and 18 years. METHOD: Data from 165 participants from 2009 to 2014 were analyzed. Assessment of AEs was performed based on baseline and post-TMS administration of a symptom-based questionnaire that rated AEs on a 5-level ordinal scale (minimal, mild, moderate, marked, severe). AE rates and severity were compared using Chi Square or Fisher's Exact Test depending on data characteristics. RESULT: Overall, no seizures or severe-rated AEs were reported by 165 pediatric participants. The rate of AE in all TBS sessions was 10.5% (n = 76, 95% CI: 4.7-19.7%), whereas the rate of AE in all sp/ppTMS sessions was 12.4% (n = 89, 95% CI: 6.3-21.0%). There was no statistical difference in AE rates between TBS and sp/ppTMS (p = 0.71). In all sp/ppTMS and TBS sessions, 20 subjects reported a total of 35 AEs, among these 31 (~88.6%) were rated as "minimal" or "mild". There was no difference in the severity of AE between TBS and sp/ppTMS (p = 1.0). Only one of 76 TBS participants reported an AE rated as more than minimal/mild. CONCLUSION: Our comparative analysis showed that TBS appears to be as safe as sp/ppTMS in terms of AE rate and severity. This report supports further investigation of TBS in children.
